Question

multiple choice 1 point
why are lichens considered pioneer species in primary succession?
they are eaten by herbivores
they can survive without sunlight
they break down rock and help form soil
they grow very quickly in fertile soil

Explanation:

In primary succession, pioneer species are the first to colonize a barren area. Lichens can secrete acids that break down rocks, initiating the process of soil - formation which is crucial for the establishment of other plant species later. They are not known for being eaten by herbivores as a main characteristic for being pioneer species, they cannot survive without sunlight, and they do not grow in fertile soil as primary succession starts in areas with no soil.

Answer:

C. They break down rock and help form soil