Question

name: mirond myn period: unit 2. the raw materials of biotechnology

1. summarize how the following products were modified by genetic engineering. p42

a. strawberries
b. soybeans

1. analyze the following organisms: bacteria, fungi, protozoa (paramecium, p42), and a neuron. find the domain, kingdom, and the genus:
2. go to page 45 and find the source of the macromolecules that are now being manufactured by biotechnology companies:

a. amylase:
b. insulin:

Explanation:

Step1: Answer question 1

Research and summarize genetic engineering modifications.

Step2: Answer question 2

Apply taxonomic knowledge to identify domains, kingdoms and genera.

Step3: Answer question 3

Recall sources of macromolecules in biotechnology.

Answer:

1.

• a. Strawberries have been genetically engineered to have traits such as improved shelf - life, resistance to pests and diseases, and enhanced flavor. For example, genes from other organisms may be inserted to make them more resistant to cold or to produce natural pesticides.
• b. Soybeans are often genetically engineered for herbicide tolerance (e.g., Roundup - Ready soybeans) so that farmers can use herbicides to kill weeds without harming the soybeans. Also, some are engineered for improved nutritional content or higher yields.

2.

• Mushroom:
• Domain: Eukarya
• Kingdom: Fungi
• Genus: Varies depending on the type of mushroom (e.g., Agaricus for common button mushrooms)
• Paramecium (protozoa):
• Domain: Eukarya
• Kingdom: Protista
• Genus: Paramecium
• Bacterial cell:
• Domain: Bacteria
• Kingdom: Bacteria
• Genus: Varies depending on the type of bacteria (e.g., Escherichia for E. coli)
• Neuron:
• Domain: Eukarya
• Kingdom: Animalia
• Genus: Not applicable in the traditional taxonomic sense for a single cell type like a neuron, but neurons are part of animal organisms.

3.

• a. Amylase: Produced by bacteria (e.g., Bacillus species), fungi (e.g., Aspergillus species) and some plants. In biotechnology, bacteria or fungi are often used as sources due to their ease of cultivation and high - level production.
• b. Insulin: Originally, insulin was extracted from the pancreas of pigs and cows. In modern biotechnology, it is produced by genetically engineered bacteria (e.g., E. coli) or yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) where the human insulin gene has been inserted into their DNA.