Question

name: name period: 5 unit 1 test study guide 1. what is a macromolecule and how many are there? 2. explain how a monomer is related to a polymer. 3. what are the 6 elements that make up all living things? 4. what does it mean to say something is organic? 5. what is so important about carbon atoms? 6. draw the basic structure of each macromolecule and their monomers? 7. that make them

Explanation:

1. A macromolecule is a large - sized molecule formed by the polymerization of smaller units. Many macromolecules exist in living organisms such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
2. A monomer is a single, small molecule that can bond with other monomers to form a polymer through a process called polymerization. For example, amino acids are monomers of proteins.
3. The six elements that make up all living things are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S).
4. Saying something is organic means it contains carbon - hydrogen bonds. Carbon is unique in its ability to form long chains and complex structures, which is fundamental to life.
5. Carbon atoms are important as they can form four covalent bonds, allowing for the creation of diverse and complex organic compounds.
6. The four macromolecules are proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), carbohydrates, and lipids. Each has distinct functions in living organisms.
7. The basic structure of a macromolecule's monomer varies depending on the type of macromolecule. For example, the monomer of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide, which has a general formula of (CH₂O)ₙ.

Answer:

1. A macromolecule is a large molecule composed of many smaller units (monomers) joined together by chemical bonds. There are many in living organisms like proteins, nucleic acids, etc.
2. A monomer is a small molecule that can combine with other monomers to form a polymer through polymerization.
3. The six elements are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S).
4. Organic means a compound contains carbon - hydrogen bonds and carbon - based structures are central to life.
5. Carbon atoms are important because they can form four covalent bonds, enabling the formation of diverse and complex organic compounds.
6. The four macromolecules are proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
7. For carbohydrates, the monomer is a monosaccharide; for proteins, it's an amino - acid; for nucleic acids, it's a nucleotide; for lipids, it can be fatty acids and glycerol.