Question

1. one of alfred russel wallace’s motivations to travel to south america and the malay archipelago was to sell his specimens to museums and collectors. what was wallace’s other major motivation?

a. to be a companion to the crew’s captain
b. to add evidence to darwin’s natural selection theory.
c. to understand the origin of species.
d. he was thought to be failing in health.

1. when charles darwin first call on his five-year journey on the hms beagle, both he and most of his contemporary scientists thought that

a. each species was specially created by god in its present form and did not change over time
b. each species was a product of natural law and changeable over time.
c. each species had been selectively bred by humans after the invention of agriculture.
d. each species had evolved into its present form as way of genetic mutation.

1. darwin and wallace both gathered a large number of observations and facts on which they based their theories. which of the following types of evidence was not part of the evidence they gathered?

a. fossil evidence
b. anatomical evidence
c. geographical distribution
d. genetic evidence

1. the diagram to the right illustrates the bones in the forelimbs of four different organisms. although these limbs all look different, they share some common patterns. these common patterns suggest that

a. these organisms are members of the same species.
b. the digested food is absorbed by the other organisms.
c. these organisms share a common ancestor.
d. these organisms have exactly the same genes.

1. which observation led wallace to conclude that all species are connected in a tree of life?

a. around the globe, the more similar two species are, the closer to each other they tend to live.
b. different species migrated from australia to the islands of the malay archipelago.
c. both the butterflies and the birds he studied had wings.
d. darwin had published the same ideas in on the origin of species.

1. the image to the right is the famous “i think” sketch that appears in one of darwin’s notebooks. in one or two sentences, explain what this sketch represents.

1. study the figure below showing the distribution of animals in the malay archipelago.

a. explain how the distribution of animals supported wallace’s evolution theory.

b. from a geological perspective, how did wallace explain why placental mammals were found west of the line, and marsupial mammals were found east of the line?

Explanation:

Question 3:

Alfred Russel Wallace co-developed natural selection with Darwin; his other major motivation was researching species origins, not the other listed options.

Question 4:

Darwin's contemporary thought held creationist views: species were specially created and unchanging.

Question 5:

Genetics was not understood in Darwin/Wallace's time; they used fossil, anatomical, and geographic evidence.

Question 6:

Similar bone structures (homologies) indicate shared ancestry, not same species, direct evolution, or identical genes.

Question 7:

Shared traits decreasing with relatedness supports a tree of life, as species diverge from common ancestors.

Question 8:

This sketch is Darwin's first tree of life, representing how species diverge from common ancestors over time, with branches showing evolutionary relationships and diversification.

Question 9a:

Wallace's Line divides distinct animal groups. Closely related species are on the same side, while distinct groups are on opposite sides, showing species evolve in isolated regions and don't cross the barrier, supporting evolution via geographic isolation.

Question 9b:

Wallace proposed the line marks an ancient geographic barrier (deep ocean) that prevented migration. Placental mammals evolved west of the barrier, marsupials east, with the barrier stopping interbreeding and mixing, leading to distinct groups.

Answer:

1. c. To understand the origin of species.
2. a. Both species were specially created by God in its present form and did not change over time.
3. d. genetic evidence
4. c. These organisms share a common ancestor.
5. a. Across the globe, the more similar two species are the closer to each other they will be found.
6. It is Darwin's first tree-of-life sketch, representing species diverging from shared ancestors as they evolve and diversify over time.

9a. The sharp divide of distinct animal groups on either side of Wallace's Line shows species evolved in isolated geographic regions, as related species cluster on one side, supporting evolution via geographic isolation.
9b. Wallace argued the line follows an ancient deep ocean barrier that blocked migration. Placental mammals evolved west of the barrier, marsupials evolved east, and the barrier prevented gene flow, keeping the groups distinct.