Question

1. the ottomans allowed different groups to keep their own customs and religious courts, showing __________ and flexibility.
2. the empire attempted to modernize by creating new laws, schools, and __________ reforms.
3. fall of the ottoman empire
4. by the 1800s and early 1900s, __________ increased, causing groups like greeks and arabs to seek independence.
5. the empire collapsed after losing territory and being defeated in __________
6. the ottoman empire joined the __________ powers during world war i.
7. european redrawing of borders
8. after world war i, european powers created new borders in southwest asia without __________ from local populations.
9. these new borders ignored __________ and religious groups.
10. this led to long-term problems such as conflict, civil wars, and __________ struggles.

Explanation:

1. For question 10: The Ottoman Empire aligned with the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria) during WWI.
2. For question 11: European powers imposed new borders in Southwest Asia post-WWI without consulting or getting consent from local communities.
3. For question 12: The arbitrary borders ignored existing ethnic and cultural group divisions in the region.
4. For question 13: The flawed border creation led to ongoing political and territorial struggles alongside conflict and civil wars.

Answer:

1. Central
2. consent/input/consultation
3. ethnic/cultural
4. political/territorial