Question

part a - bone composition

1. bones are made of about __ - __ % calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate.
2. about __ % of bone is protein (cartilage), which provides __
3. about __ - % of bone is water, which is important for __

part b - skeleton divisions

1. the axial skeleton has __ bones and includes: __
2. the appendicular skeleton has __ bones and includes: __

part c - types of bones
match the bone type to the correct example.
a. long bone
b. flat bone
c. short bone
d. irregular bone
e. sesamoid bone
____ sternum
____ humerus
____ carpal bones
____ vertebra
____ patella
part d - bone structure

1. the ends of a long bone are called ____
2. the shaft of a bone is called ____
3. the growth plate is called the ____

part e - bone cells

1. osteoblasts = ____

Explanation:

1. Bones are about 65 - 70% calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. This gives bones their hardness.
2. Approximately 30% of bone is protein (cartilage), which provides flexibility and strength.
3. Around 20 - 25% of bone is water, important for transporting nutrients and waste.
4. The axial skeleton has 80 bones and includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib - cage.
5. The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones and includes the bones of the limbs and girdles.
6. Sternum is a flat bone (b).
7. Humerus is a long bone (a).
8. Carpal bones are short bones (c).
9. Vertebra is an irregular bone (d).
10. Patella is a sesamoid bone (e).
11. The ends of a long bone are called epiphyses.
12. The shaft of a bone is called the diaphysis.
13. The growth plate is called the epiphyseal plate.
14. Osteoblasts are bone - forming cells.

Answer:

1. 65, 70
2. 30, flexibility and strength
3. 20, 25, transporting nutrients and waste
4. 80, skull, vertebral column, rib - cage
5. 126, bones of the limbs and girdles
6. b. Flat bone
7. a. Long bone
8. c. Short bone
9. d. Irregular bone
10. e. Sesamoid bone
11. epiphyses
12. diaphysis
13. epiphyseal plate
14. bone - forming cells