Question

question 1 (1 point) ✓ saved
severe, prolonged stress during surgery may cause acute renal failure to develop due to:
○ a deficit of glucose and oxygen in the body
○ development of decompensated acidosis
● prolonged vasoconstriction and ischemia
○ the supply of hormones has been exhausted

question 2 (1 point) ✓ saved
when a group of cells in the body dies, the change is called:
○ ischemia
○ gangrene
○ hypoxia
● necrosis

question 3 (1 point) ✓ saved
the best definition of the term prognosis is the:
○ precipitating factors causing an acute episode
○ number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness
● predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease
○ exacerbations occurring during chronic illness

question 4 (1 point) ✓ saved

Explanation:

Question 1

During severe, prolonged stress in surgery, the body's stress response (like release of catecholamines) causes vasoconstriction. Prolonged vasoconstriction to the kidneys leads to ischemia (lack of blood flow), which can damage renal tissue and cause acute renal failure. A glucose/oxygen deficit is too general, decompensated acidosis is a consequence not the direct cause, and hormone exhaustion is not the main mechanism here.

Necrosis is the term for the death of a group of cells in the body. Ischemia is lack of blood flow, gangrene is a type of necrosis (usually with infection), and hypoxia is lack of oxygen. So necrosis is the correct term for cell death.

Prognosis is defined as the predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery (or progression) from a specific disease. Precipitating factors relate to etiology, remissions count is not prognosis, and exacerbations are disease flare - ups, not prognosis.

Answer:

C. prolonged vasoconstriction and ischemia

Question 2