Question

questions 1 through 3 refer to the following
general gordon j. pillow, southern plantation owner, newspaper report of a speech delivered at a
convention of plantation owners in memphis, tennessee, memphis daily appeal, 1869
to people of the white race who look to the incoming of these foreign birth and strange tongue and
nation for the prosperity of the south, were i permitted i would repeat what i say to my own race. cast
down your bucket where you are. cast it down among the eight millions of negroes whose habits you
know, whose fidelity and love you have tested. cast down your bucket among these people who have
worked for you and labored for you, helped to make possible this magnificent
agricultural system which we see extended over hundreds of thousands of acres of cultivated land,
throughout the length and breadth of the south. casting down your bucket among my people,
you will find
that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories
you shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need
be, in defense of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way
that shall make the interests of both races one. in all things that are purely social we can be as separate as
the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.
—booker t. washington, atlanta exposition address, 1895
general gideon j. pillow
suggested that a company be formed with a capital of half a million dollars
the company is to place reliable agents, one at san francisco and the other at new york. these agents
shall bring into competition the companies engaged in the transportation of immigrants from europe, and
chinese laborers from the pacific railroad. if we can command the capital to pay all the charges of the
immigrants from these homes to
where they are wanted, they will be able to supply the planters of the
five states bordering on the mississippi river with all the labor that they want at 33 per cent less than it
could be got by any individual efforts or enterprise. in recommending the organization of this system of
labor, the committee are moved by no hostility to our former servants.
just one half of the soil is in
cultivation that was so before the war, and that was because the labor was not adequate to the demands.
the negroes have taken to other vocations also, and have left the corn and cotton fields. they have fled
the place of the white man on the river almost entirely, and have supplanted the irish, dutch, and germans
on the steamboats. our cities are full of them.

1. which of the following describes a difference between washington’s and pillow’s arguments in the

excerpts?
a washington argues in favor of bringing chinese immigrants to the united
states, while pillow argues in favor of a ban on allowing any chinese
immigration.
b washington asserts that these blacks should be brought competition with immigrant
development, while pillow asserts that african americans should be excluded from
from the southern economy.
c washington advocates that african american agricultural workers should take
until immigration is halted.
d pillow proposes that immigrant laborers should be recruited to work in
agriculture, while washington proposes that african americans should be
recruited instead.

Explanation:

1. Analyze Booker T. Washington's excerpt: He emphasizes cooperation between Black and white Southerners, states that in non-social areas (industrial, commercial, civil, religious) the races should work together for mutual progress, and praises Black contributions to Southern development with no call for excluding Black people or halting immigration.
2. Analyze General Gideon J. Pillow's excerpt: He proposes creating a company to recruit Chinese and European immigrants for Southern plantation labor, explicitly noting this is because formerly enslaved Black people have moved to other vocations and left agricultural fields, meaning immigrant labor is needed to replace them.
3. Match to options: Option B correctly identifies Washington's focus on racial cooperation for economic development, and Pillow's push for immigrant labor (instead of relying on Black labor in agriculture). Other options are incorrect: A misrepresents both men's positions on immigration; C misrepresents their stances on strikes and immigration; D reverses their actual labor proposals.

Answer:

B. Washington asserts that there should be tactical cooperation for economic development, while Pillow asserts that African Americans should be excluded from the southern economy