Question

read justice black’s decision in the gideon case. even the intelligent and educated layman... requires the guiding hand of counsel at every step in the proceedings against him. without it... he faces the danger of conviction because he does not know how to establish his innocence. which of these statements best summarizes black’s argument? educated people should represent themselves in court. all people need an attorney’s help in court. lawyers should not be allowed in court. an innocent person does not need a lawyer in court.

Explanation:

To determine the best summary, analyze Justice Black's statement: it says even intelligent/educated laypeople need counsel (a lawyer) in court proceedings to avoid conviction from not knowing how to establish innocence. Now evaluate each option:

• First option: Opposite of the statement (says educated should represent themselves, but the text says they need counsel).
• Second option: Matches, as the text implies all (including intelligent/educated) need attorney help in court.
• Third option: Contradicts, as the text supports needing lawyers.
• Fourth option: Contradicts, as the text shows even innocent - seeming people (since they need to establish innocence) need a lawyer.

Answer:

B. All people need an attorney’s help in court.