Question

rna and protein synthesis
teks focus: 6a information for specifying traits is carried in dna; 6b transcription, translation
this section describes rna and its role in transcription and translation.
the structure of rna

1. list the three main differences between rna and dna.

a.
b.
c.

1. is the following sentence true or false? rna is like a disposable copy of a dna segment.
2. what is the importance of the cells ability to copy a single dna sequence into rna?

types of rna

1. what is the one job in which most rna molecules are involved?
2. complete the compare - and - contrast table about the types of rna.

types of rna
type function
carries copies of the instructions for assembling amino acids from dna to the rest of the cell
ribosomal rna
transfers each amino acid to the ribosome to help assemble proteins
transcription

1. circle the letter of each sentence that is true about transcription.

a. during transcription, dna polymerase binds to rna and separates the dna strands.
b. rna polymerase uses one strand of dna as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of rna.
c. rna polymerase binds only to dna promoters, which have specific base sequences.
d. promoters are signals in rna that indicate to rna polymerase when to begin transcription.

Explanation:

1. a. RNA has ribose sugar while DNA has deoxy - ribose sugar. b. RNA is usually single - stranded, DNA is double - stranded. c. RNA has uracil instead of thymine in DNA.
2. This is true as RNA is transcribed from DNA for protein synthesis tasks and is often short - lived.
3. It allows for multiple copies of RNA to be made from one DNA sequence, increasing the efficiency of protein production as more RNA can be used for translation simultaneously.
4. Protein synthesis.

5.

Type	Function
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)	Forms part of the ribosome structure and helps in the assembly of proteins
Transfer RNA (tRNA)	Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome to help assemble proteins

1. b. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA. c. RNA polymerase binds only to DNA promoters, which have specific base sequences. Promoters are in DNA, not RNA, and DNA polymerase is not involved in transcription.

Answer:

1. a. Sugar difference (ribose vs deoxy - ribose). b. Strand structure (single - stranded vs double - stranded). c. Nitrogenous base difference (uracil vs thymine).
2. True
3. Increases efficiency of protein production by allowing multiple RNA copies for translation.
4. Protein synthesis
5. Messenger RNA (mRNA); Forms part of ribosome structure; Transfer RNA (tRNA)
6. b. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA. c. RNA polymerase binds only to DNA promoters, which have specific base sequences.