sa: cbc review questions
1. what is the liquid portion of blood called? what percentage of this liquid is water?
2. name at least three solutes that are carried in the blood.
3. where are blood cells created?
4. what are platelets, and what is their function?
5. explain how platelets eventually form a \scab.\

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Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
The liquid portion of blood is plasma. Plasma is mostly (about 90 - 92%) water.
# Answer:
The liquid portion of blood is called plasma. Approximately 90 - 92% of plasma is water, so about 90 - 92% of this liquid (plasma) is water.

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Blood carries various solutes. Some common ones are glucose (for energy), salts (like sodium, potassium ions for electrolyte balance), and hormones (for signaling in the body).
# Answer:
Three solutes carried in the blood are glucose, salts (e.g., sodium ions), and hormones (e.g., insulin).

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Blood cells are created in the bone marrow, specifically the red bone marrow. Stem cells in the red bone marrow differentiate into different types of blood cells.
# Answer:
Blood cells are created in the bone marrow (specifically red bone marrow).

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Platelets are small, cell - like fragments in the blood (they are not true cells as they lack a nucleus). Their main function is to help in blood clotting. When there is a wound, they stick to the damaged blood vessel walls and release substances that promote the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding.
# Answer:
Platelets are small, anucleated cell fragments in the blood. Their function is to assist in blood clotting (hemostasis), helping to stop bleeding from damaged blood vessels.

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets are attracted to the site. They adhere to the damaged vessel wall and then aggregate (stick together) to form a plug. The platelets also release substances that activate the coagulation cascade. This cascade leads to the formation of fibrin, which is a protein that forms a mesh - like structure. The fibrin mesh traps blood cells (like red blood cells) and platelets, forming a clot. Over time, this clot dries and forms a scab, which protects the wound as it heals.
# Answer:
1. When a blood vessel is injured, platelets are drawn to the damaged area.
2. Platelets adhere to the damaged vessel wall and then aggregate (clump together) to form a platelet plug.
3. Platelets release substances that trigger the coagulation (clotting) cascade.
4. The coagulation cascade results in the production of fibrin, a protein that forms a mesh.
5. This fibrin mesh traps blood cells and more platelets, forming a blood clot.
6. As the clot dries, it forms a scab that protects the wound during the healing process.

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