Question

spring 2026 ca 1- biology

1. sb1.a dok3 the table above shows four distinct types of cells with the presence or absence of particular organelles denoted by a - (absent) or a + (present).

a researcher claims that all living cells must be able to synthesize proteins in order to maintain homeostasis and perform basic functions. what statement supports the scientists claim?
a. ribosomes are required for protein synthesis, and all four cell types can synthesize proteins.
b. nuclei house the dna, which is the blueprint for proteins. cell types i, ii, and iii can synthesize proteins.
c. cell walls are required for cells to maintain their shape to manufacture proteins. cell types ii, iii, and iv can synthesize proteins.
d. cells require lysosomes to digest cellular components to convert them into proteins. only cell types i and iii can synthesize proteins.

cell

cell wall

nucleus

ribosome

er

golgi

vacuole

lysosome

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

i

-

+

+

+

+

+

+

ii

+

+

+

+

+

+

-

iii

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

iv

+

-

+

-

-

-

-

Explanation:

1. Analyze the scientist's claim: All living cells must synthesize proteins to maintain homeostasis. We need to find a statement that supports this by linking the table data to protein synthesis ability.
2. Evaluate each option:

• Option A: Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis. The table shows all 4 cell types (+) have ribosomes, meaning all can synthesize proteins. This directly supports the claim that all living cells can make proteins for homeostasis.
• Option B: Cell IV lacks a nucleus but has ribosomes and can still synthesize proteins, so this statement is incorrect as it excludes cell IV.
• Option C: Cell I lacks a cell wall but has ribosomes and can synthesize proteins, so cell walls are not required for protein synthesis, making this statement incorrect.
• Option D: Cell II lacks lysosomes but has ribosomes and can synthesize proteins, so lysosomes are not required for protein synthesis. Also, cell IV can synthesize proteins, so this statement is incorrect.

Answer:

A. Ribosomes are required for protein synthesis, and all four cell types can synthesize proteins.