Question

text 1
in the 18th century, john legg, an english naturalist, meticulously documented the behavior of the european robin (erithacus rubecula). leggs observations were groundbreaking; he noted that these birds exhibited a peculiar territorial aggression, especially during the breeding season. his detailed records included the robins vocalizations, which he described as both melodious and combative. leggs work laid the foundation for understanding avian territoriality, emphasizing the importance of song in establishing and defending territory. his findings were later corroborated by other naturalists, who expanded on his initial observations by employing more advanced methodologies, such as banding and long - term population studies.

text 2
modern ornithologists have built upon john leggs foundational work, utilizing advanced technologies like gps tracking and bioacoustic monitoring to study the european robins behavior. recent studies have revealed that these birds not only use song to establish territory but also to communicate with potential mates and rivals. the complexity of their vocalizations has been analyzed using spectrograms, which show a wide range of frequencies and patterns. additionally, researchers have discovered that robins adjust their singing behavior based on environmental factors such as noise pollution and habitat density. these findings suggest that the european robins vocalizations are far more sophisticated and context - dependent than previously thought.

9
which choice best describes a difference in how john legg (text 1) and modern ornithologists (text 2) view the behavior of the european robin?
a john legg (text 1) suggests that the robins vocalizations are primarily for territorial defense, whereas modern ornithologists (text 2) highlight only their role in mate selection.
b john legg (text 1) emphasizes the historical significance of the robins song, while modern ornithologists (text 2) focus on its modern applications.
c john legg (text 1) believes that the robins song is a simple territorial marker, whereas modern ornithologists (text 2) also view it as a multifaceted communication tool.
d john legg (text 1) claims that the robins behavior is well - documented and understood, while modern ornithologists (text 2) argue that new technologies have uncovered no additional complexities.

Explanation:

Text 1 states Legg focused on robins' song for territorial defense, framing it as a tool for establishing/defending territory. Text 2 notes modern ornithologists found the song is used for territory, mate communication, rival signals, and is context-dependent, making it a multifaceted tool. Option A is incorrect because modern studies do not only focus on mate selection. Option B is wrong as neither text focuses on historical/modern application of the song. Option D is incorrect because modern technologies did uncover additional complexities.

Answer:

C. John Legg (Text 1) believes that the robin's song is a simple territorial marker, whereas modern ornithologists (Text 2) also view it as a multifaceted communication tool.