Question

think critically

1. evaluate how technology impacts society in a positive and negative way at the same time.

section 1.3
vocabulary review
explain the differences between the terms in the following sets.

1. observation, data
2. control group, experimental group
3. independent variable, dependent variable

understand key concepts

1. which describes this statement, “the frog is 4 cm long”?

a. quantitative data
b. inference
c. control group
d. qualitative data

1. which is a testable explanation?

a. dependent variable
b. independent variable
c. hypothesis
d. observation
constructed response
use the table below to answer question 20.
mean body mass and field metabolic rate (fmr) of black - legged kittiwakes

	number	mean body mass (g)	fmr
control females	14	351.1	3.08
fed males	16	475.4	2.31
control males	18	397.6	2.85

1. short answer examine the data shown above. describe the effects of feedings on the energy expenditure, fmr, of male and female kittiwakes.

think critically

Explanation:

1. An observation is a notice or perception of something, while data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, or measurements.
2. A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment being tested, while an experimental group is the group that receives the treatment to observe its effect.
3. An independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable, which is the variable being measured and affected by the independent variable.
4. "The frog is 4 cm long" is quantitative data as it involves a numerical measurement. So the answer is A.
5. A hypothesis is a test - able explanation. So the answer is C.
6. Fed male kittiwakes have a lower FMR (2.31) compared to control males (2.85), indicating that feeding may reduce energy expenditure in males. Fed female kittiwakes have a lower FMR (2.04) compared to control females (3.08), suggesting that feeding also reduces energy expenditure in females.

Answer:

1. Observation is perception; data is fact - collection.
2. Control group: no treatment; experimental group: receives treatment.
3. Independent variable: controlled; dependent variable: measured.
4. A. quantitative data
5. C. hypothesis
6. Feeding reduces energy expenditure (FMR) in both male and female kittiwakes.