Question

1. i think the path to all related steps that a molecule of oxygen would take from the air in the lungs to a muscle cell are: oxygen diffuses across alveolar - capillary membrane in blood, blinds to hemoglobin, is transported by blood to heart, pumped out via arteries, reaches capillaries near muscle cells and diffuses into them.
2. list the ways in which training improves the effectiveness of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. what types of training do you most often employ to improve the effectiveness of these systems? how might you be able to train more effectively in your own life? write a reply

Explanation:

1. Oxygen from air in lungs diffuses across alveolar - capillary membrane into blood. It binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells. Blood is pumped by the heart through arteries to capillaries near muscle cells. Oxygen then diffuses from the blood into muscle cells.
2. Training improves cardiovascular and respiratory systems' effectiveness by increasing heart's stroke volume, improving lung capacity, enhancing oxygen - carrying capacity of blood, and improving oxygen utilization by muscles. Types of training include aerobic (e.g., running, cycling) which strengthens the heart and lungs, and strength training which improves muscle's ability to use oxygen. In personal life, regular aerobic exercise like brisk walking can be used to improve these systems.

Answer:

1. The path of an oxygen molecule: Air enters lungs → oxygen diffuses across alveolar - capillary membrane into blood and binds to hemoglobin → blood is pumped by heart through arteries → oxygen diffuses from blood in capillaries into muscle cells.
2. Ways training improves effectiveness: Increases heart's stroke volume, improves lung capacity, enhances oxygen - carrying capacity of blood, improves oxygen utilization by muscles. Types of training: Aerobic (running, cycling) and strength training. In personal life, regular brisk walking can be used for improvement.