Question

1. a tiny filter - feeding barnacle sticks to a whale. the whale is unaffected by this new stowaway. what type of relationship is this?

a. mutualism
b. commensalism
c. amensalism
d. neutralism
e. parasitism

1. cowbirds are known to lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. mother birds will feed the new chicks and their own, which sometimes means not every chick gets enough food. this is an example of

a. mutualism
b. commensalism
c. amensalism
d. neutralism
e. parasitism

1. which sphere of the earth is named using the greek root meaning “ground”?

a. hydrosphere
b. atmosphere
c. biosphere
d. geosphere

1. which of these is not an example of an abiotic factor?

a. soil
b. temperature
c. bacteria
d. rainfall

1. which kind of niche takes competition between organisms into account?

a. realized
b. unique
c. fundamental
d. competitive

1. how much chemical energy is transferred from the producer level to the primary consumer level in a food chain?

a. 10%
b. 5%
c. 1%
d. 0.1%

1. organisms that eat both plants and meat are called

a. omnivores
b. herbivores
c. autotrophs
d. carnivores

1. which is not true about food webs?

a. food webs show the transfer of energy among organisms
b. food webs are more accurate than food chains
c. food webs are simpler than food chains
d. food webs contain decomposers and scavengers throughout

Explanation:

1. Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. The barnacle benefits by getting a place to live and feed while the whale is unaffected, so it's commensalism.
2. Parasitism is when one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of another (host). Cowbirds lay eggs in other birds' nests, and their chicks compete for food, harming the host birds' chicks, so it's parasitism.
3. The Greek root "geo -" means ground, and the geosphere refers to the solid parts of the Earth, so the answer is geosphere.
4. Abiotic factors are non - living components of an ecosystem. Bacteria are living organisms, so they are not an abiotic factor.
5. A realized niche takes into account competition between organisms. It is the actual set of resources and conditions an organism uses in the presence of competitors.
6. In a food chain, about 10% of the chemical energy is transferred from the producer level to the primary consumer level. This is known as the 10% law.
7. Omnivores are organisms that eat both plants and meat. Herbivores eat only plants, autotrophs produce their own food, and carnivores eat only meat.
8. Food webs are more complex than food chains as they show multiple feeding relationships and the transfer of energy among many organisms, including decomposers and scavengers. So the statement that food webs are simpler than food chains is not true.

Answer:

1. b. commensalism
2. e. parasitism
3. d. Geosphere
4. c. bacteria
5. a. Realized
6. a. 10%
7. a. omnivores
8. c. Food webs are simpler than food chains