Question

vadanala elangovan and ganapathi marimuthu showed that high moonlight intensity inhibits the activity of the greater short - nosed fruit bat (cynopterus sphinx), a result explicable in terms of benefits and costs: greater lunar intensity may not enable the bats to increase foraging success enough to offset the higher chance of detection by predatory owls or hawks. most other nocturnal mammals respond to lunar intensity variations similarly to greater short - nosed fruit bats, but mongoose lemurs (eulemur mongoz) display the opposite pattern, as their heavy reliance on visual foraging results in a different balance of reward and risk.
question 7: which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
a) it discusses two different responses to the same natural phenomenon, explains why one of those responses occurs, and then suggests that the other response still needs to be explained.
b) it describes and accounts for a finding, characterizes the finding as representative of a general pattern, and then describes and accounts for an exception to that pattern.
c) it presents and explains a study result, indicates that the result is similar to the results of many other studies, and then attributes a conflicting study result to a difference in that study’s methods.
d) it introduces an observation of a behavioral pattern, presents an explanation for the pattern, and then describes an exception to the pattern that casts doubt on that explanation.

Explanation:

1. First, the text describes a study result (high moonlight intensity inhibits bat activity) and explains it (benefits vs. costs).
2. Then, it says most other nocturnal mammals respond similarly (characterizing the finding as a general pattern).
3. Finally, it describes mongoose lemurs as an exception (different pattern due to visual foraging) and explains why (different reward - risk balance).

Option A is incorrect as it doesn't suggest the other response needs explanation. Option C is incorrect as there's no mention of conflicting study methods. Option D is incorrect as the exception doesn't cast doubt on the explanation. Option B matches the structure: describe/account for a finding, characterize as general pattern, describe/account for an exception.

Answer:

B. It describes and accounts for a finding, characterizes the finding as representative of a general pattern, and then describes and accounts for an exception to that pattern.