Question

1. what does the term

enaissance\ literally mean? a. revolution b. rebirth c. recovery d. religion

1. a world view that focuses less on religion and more on worldly or individual matters is known as: a. monasticism b. humanism c. secularism d. theocracy
2. renaissance humanism was an intellectual movement based on the study of: a. medieval theology b. the classics of greece and rome c. modern scientific theory d. gothic architecture
3. writers like dante and christine de pizan popularized literature written in the \vernacular,\ which is: a. the local spoken language of a region b. a secret code used by scholars c. formal classical latin d. sacred religious scripture
4. what was an \indulgence\ in the context of the catholic church? a. a permit to trade in foreign ports b. a document releasing the bearer from punishment for sin c. a tax paid by the poor to the nobility d. a special blessing given only to kings
5. the belief that god has already determined who will be saved and who will be condemned is: a. justification b. humanism c. predestination d. purgatory
6. what is a \fresco\? a. a sculpture made of marble b. a type of oil painting on wood c. a painting done on fresh, wet plaster d. an architectural style involving domes
7. which artistic technique creates the illusion of depth on a flat surface? a. sfumato b. chiaroscuro c. linear perspective d. abstract expressionism
8. a government ruled by divine authority is called a: a. republic b. monarchy c. theocracy d. democracy
9. king henry viii broke with the catholic church because the pope refused to \annul\ his marriage, meaning: a. to record it in history b. to bless it again c. to declare it invalid d. to force a divorce
10. who is known as the \father of italian renaissance humanism\? a. dante alighieri b. francesco petrarch c. niccolò machiavelli d. filippo brunelleschi
11. johannes gutenberg’s innovation that revolutionized the distribution of knowledge was: a. the telescope b. the steam engine c. movable type d. oil paint

Explanation:

1. "Renaissance" derives from French, directly translating to "rebirth," referencing the revival of classical ideas.
2. Secularism prioritizes worldly, non-religious concerns over religious ones.
3. Renaissance humanism centered on reviving the study of Greek and Roman classical texts and ideas.
4. "Vernacular" refers to the everyday spoken language of a local region, not formal classical languages.
5. In the Catholic Church, indulgences were documents that reduced or removed punishment for sins.
6. Predestination is the doctrine that God has pre-determined who will be saved and condemned.
7. A fresco is a painting technique where pigment is applied to fresh, wet plaster.
8. Linear perspective uses mathematical principles to create the illusion of depth on a flat surface.
9. A theocracy is a system of government ruled by divine authority, often through religious leaders.
10. An annulment declares a marriage was never legally valid, distinct from a divorce.
11. Francesco Petrarch is widely regarded as the founding figure of Italian Renaissance humanism.
12. Johannes Gutenberg's movable type printing press revolutionized the mass production and distribution of written works.

Answer:

1. B. Rebirth
2. C. Secularism
3. B. The classics of Greece and Rome
4. A. The local spoken language of a region
5. B. A document releasing the bearer from punishment for sin
6. C. Predestination
7. C. A painting done on fresh, wet plaster
8. C. Linear perspective
9. C. Theocracy
10. C. To declare it invalid
11. B. Francesco Petrarch
12. C. Movable type