Question

1. what is transcription?

where does it occur?

1. what is translation?

where does it occur?

1. using the codon chart, which amino acids are coded for by the following mrna sequence:

aug cua, aag

1. what is the mrna sequence for the following dna sequence:

tac cgg cta taa

1. what is a codon?
2. what is the start codon?
3. replicate, transcribe, and translate the following dna sequence:

tac cgc ttt tct ggc cgt aat uga
replicate (dna strand):

tac cgc ttt tct ggc cgt aat uga
transcribe (dna to mrna) :
translate (mrna to amino acid):

Explanation:

Question 7

Transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template. In eukaryotes, it occurs in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, it occurs in the cytoplasm (since they have no nucleus).

Question 8

Translation is the process of building a protein from an mRNA template, using tRNA to bring amino acids. It occurs in the cytoplasm at ribosomes in all cells.

Question 10

Use standard codon rules: AUG codes for Methionine (Met), CUA codes for Leucine (Leu), AAG codes for Lysine (Lys).

Question 11

mRNA is complementary to DNA: A pairs with U, T pairs with A, C pairs with G, G pairs with C. Match each DNA nucleotide to its mRNA complement.

Question 12

A codon is a 3-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that corresponds to an amino acid or a stop signal.

Question 13

The start codon is the sequence that initiates translation, which also codes for Methionine.

Question 14

• DNA replication: Complementary DNA strand uses A-T, T-A, C-G, G-C base pairing.
• Transcription: mRNA is complementary to the template DNA strand, with U replacing T.
• Translation: Match each mRNA codon to its corresponding amino acid using standard codon rules; UGA is a stop codon that terminates translation.

Answer:

1. What is transcription? The synthesis of mRNA from DNA

Where does it occur? Nucleus (eukaryotes) / cytoplasm (prokaryotes)

1. What is translation? Building proteins from mRNA

Where does it occur? Cytoplasm at ribosomes

1. Methionine (Met), Leucine (Leu), Lysine (Lys)
2. AUG GCC GAU AUU
3. A 3-nucleotide mRNA sequence coding for an amino acid/stop signal
4. AUG
5. Replicate (DNA Strand): ATG GCG AAA AGA CGC GCT TTA ACT

Transcribe (DNA to mRNA): AUG GCG AAA AGA CGC GCU UUA ACU
Translate (mRNA to amino acid): Methionine (Met), Alanine (Ala), Lysine (Lys), Arginine (Arg), Arginine (Arg), Alanine (Ala), Leucine (Leu), Stop