Question

whats the difference between germline mutations and somatic mutations?
a) germline mutations can cause serious problems, while somatic mutations dont.
b) germline mutations are caused by mutagens in the environment, while somatic mutations are inherited from a parent.
c) germline mutations are inherited from a parent, while somatic mutations are caused by mutagens in the environment.
d) germline mutations cant be passed on from a parent to a child, while somatic mutations can.
question 13 (5 points)
listen
a purebred tall pea plant is crossed with a purebred short pea plant. all of the resulting offspring are tall. what does this tell you about the gene controlling pea plant height?
a) the tall version of the gene wasnt passed from the tall parent to the offspring.
b) the short version of the gene wasnt passed from the short parent to the offspring.
c) the short version of the gene is dominant to the tall version of the gene.

Explanation:

First Question (Difference between germline and somatic mutations)

• Option A: Both germline and somatic mutations can cause serious problems (e.g., germline mutations in cancer - predisposing genes, somatic mutations in cancer cells), so A is wrong.
• Option B: Germline mutations can be inherited (not just caused by environmental mutagens), and somatic mutations are not inherited from parents (they occur in non - germ cells during an organism's life), so B is reversed and wrong.
• Option C: Germline mutations are in germ cells (sperm/egg) and can be passed to offspring (inherited), somatic mutations occur in body cells and can be caused by environmental mutagens (like UV, chemicals), so this is correct.
• Option D: Germline mutations can be passed from parent to child, somatic mutations cannot be passed to offspring, so D is reversed and wrong.

Second Question (Pea plant height gene)

Answer:

C) Germline mutations are inherited from a parent, while somatic mutations are caused by mutagens in the environment.