Question

when a volcano erupted, the lava flow completely covered the ground for miles. it stripped the ecosystem of all life. within a few years, primary succession began to occur. which was the pattern of succession that redeveloped the ecosystem? a rock - shrubs - soil - lichens - grass - forest b soil - mosses - grass - shrubs - forest c rock - lichens - soil - grass - shrubs - forest d soil - grass - shrubs - forest - lichens

Explanation:

Primary succession on bare rock starts with lichens that break down rock to form soil. Then grasses, shrubs, and eventually a forest develop. Lichens are the pioneer species on rock surfaces in primary succession.

Answer:

C. Rock - Lichens - Soil - Grass - Shrubs - Forest