Question

which of the following are federal powers?
oil extraction
currency
property rights
snow removal highway 1
which of the following are federal?
environment
garbage
snow removal (streets and roads)
cell phones

Explanation:

First Question: Which of the following are federal powers?

• Oil Extraction: Can involve federal oversight (e.g., on federal lands or interstate commerce - related extraction), but not exclusively federal. However, compared to others, let's analyze each:
• Currency: The power to coin money and regulate currency is a federal power (Constitutional, e.g., U.S. Federal Reserve, Treasury).
• Property Rights: Often a mix of state and federal, but state law is more primary for most property rights.
• Snow Removal Highway 1: Highway 1 (if it's a state or local highway) - snow removal here is likely state/local. So Currency is a clear federal power. Also, Oil Extraction on federal lands or with interstate implications can be federal, but Currency is more definitively federal. Wait, maybe I mis - let's re - check. In a federal system (like USA), federal powers include currency (only feds can print/regulate), and some aspects of oil extraction (e.g., offshore, federal lands). But the options: Currency is a federal power. Also, maybe Oil Extraction? Wait, no, property rights are more state, snow removal local/state. So the federal powers here are Currency (and maybe Oil Extraction? Wait, in USA, oil extraction on federal lands is federal, but on state lands is state. But the question is "which are federal powers" - so Currency is a federal power, and maybe Oil Extraction? Wait, maybe the intended answer is Currency. Let's confirm: Federal powers (enumerated powers) include currency, interstate commerce (which could involve oil extraction if it's interstate), but property rights are reserved (10th amendment) to states, snow removal is local/state. So Currency is a federal power. Also, maybe Oil Extraction? Wait, perhaps the question considers Currency as a federal power.

• Environment: Federal government has regulatory power over environment (e.g., EPA, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act) - so environment is a federal concern.
• Garbage: Typically a local (municipal) or state responsibility for collection/disposal, though federal can regulate waste that crosses state lines or is hazardous.
• Snow removal (streets and roads): Local (city) or state (highways) responsibility, federal doesn't handle local street snow removal.
• Cell Phones: Federal government regulates telecommunications (FCC - Federal Communications Commission) - so cell phones (telecom) are under federal regulation. Wait, but the question is "which are federal" - maybe Environment (federal regulation of environment) and Cell Phones (federal regulation of telecom). Let's check: Environment is a federal area (EPA), Cell Phones - FCC regulates, so Environment and Cell Phones? Wait, no, garbage is local, snow removal local. So Environment (federal) and Cell Phones (federal)? Or maybe Environment. Wait, the options: Environment - federal has jurisdiction (EPA), Cell Phones - FCC (federal). So the federal ones are Environment and Cell Phones? But let's see the options. The question is "which of the following are federal" - so:
• Environment: Federal government has regulatory authority (e.g., environmental protection laws).
• Cell Phones: Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates telecommunications, including cell phones.
• Garbage: Local/state.
• Snow removal: Local/state. So the federal ones are Environment and Cell Phones? But maybe the intended is Environment. Wait, perhaps the question is simpler. In a federal system, federal responsibilities include environment (national environmental policy) and telecommunications (cell phones - FCC). So the answers are A. Environment and D. Cell Phones. But let's check: Garbage is local, snow removal local. So Environment (federal) and Cell Phones (federal).

Answer:

B. Currency (and maybe A. Oil Extraction? But more likely Currency is a clear federal power. If we have to choose, Currency is a federal power. Also, in some cases, Oil Extraction on federal lands is federal, but the options - let's assume the correct ones are A. Oil Extraction (if it's under federal jurisdiction) and B. Currency. But maybe the intended is B. Currency.

Second Question: Which of the following are federal?