Question

which of the following is/are the independent variable(s)? national sleep foundation sleep duration recommendations chart content omitted
□ hours of sleep
□ age
□ recommendation (recommended, may be appropriate, not recommended)
□ male or female

Explanation:

To determine the independent variable, we analyze the graph. The x - axis represents different age groups (Newborn, Infant, Toddler, etc.), and the y - axis (or the data related to sleep) depends on the age group. An independent variable is the one that is manipulated or is the cause, while the dependent variable is the effect. Here, age is the variable that is used to categorize and determine the sleep duration recommendations, so age is the independent variable. "Hours of sleep" is a dependent variable as it depends on age. "Recommendation" is a category based on age and sleep hours, so it's not independent. "Male or female" is not a variable shown to be related to the sleep duration recommendations in this graph.

Answer:

age (the option with "age" should be selected, e.g., if the checkbox for "age" is the second one, then the answer is the checkbox next to "age" selected, and in text: the independent variable is age)