Question

which of the following statements describes a true federal system?
the powers of both the national units and the subnational units must be subjective and infinite.
the powers of both the national units and the subnational units must be assumed and broad.
the powers of both the national units and the subnational units must be absolute and coercive.
the powers of both the national and subnational units must be specified and limited.

Explanation:

In a true federal system, the powers of the national (federal) government and sub - national (state, provincial, etc.) governments are clearly defined (specified) by the constitution, and each level of government has its own sphere of authority that is limited. The first option is incorrect because powers in a federal system are not subjective or infinite. The second option is wrong as powers are not just assumed; they are defined. The third option is incorrect as powers are not absolute (each level has its own limits) and not necessarily coercive in the way described. Only the last option, which states that the powers of both the national and sub - national units must be specified and limited, aligns with the characteristics of a federal system.

Answer:

The powers of both the national and subnational units must be specified and limited.