Question

1. which hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood?

a. parathyroid hormone
b. insulin
c. glucagon
d. cortisol

1. which type of immunity involves the creation of memory cells for future protection?

a. innate immunity
b. adaptive immunity
c. innate and adaptive immunity
d. passive immunity

1. which condition involves the immune system attacking the myelin sheath of neurons?

a. alzheimer’s disease
b. multiple sclerosis (ms)
c. parkinson’s disease
d. epilepsy

1. which of the following is a function of neutrophils?

a. to rapidly respond to infections and eliminate bacteria
b. to create memory cells
c. to filter blood
d. to produce antibodies

1. what is the myelin sheath’s role in the nervous system?

a. to bind neurotransmitters to receptors
b. to enhance the speed of signal transmission along the axon
c. to receive signals from other neurons
d. to process information within the neuron

1. what is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system (ans)?

a. to carry sensory information to the cns
b. to transmit commands to muscles
c. to regulate involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion
d. to regulate voluntary movements

1. what is the primary function of cortisol?

a. to lower blood sugar
b. to stimulate muscle growth
c. to manage stress responses and reduce inflammation
d. to regulate metabolism

Explanation:

1. Parathyroid hormone directly regulates blood calcium levels by increasing calcium release from bones, absorption in the gut, and reabsorption in kidneys.
2. Adaptive immunity generates memory cells that provide long-term, targeted future protection against specific pathogens.
3. Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of neurons in the central nervous system.
4. Neutrophils are the first immune cells to respond to infections, specializing in engulfing and eliminating bacteria.
5. The myelin sheath acts as an insulating layer around axons, which speeds up the transmission of electrical nerve signals.
6. The Autonomic Nervous System controls and regulates involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing without conscious input.
7. Cortisol manages the body's stress response, reduces inflammation, and regulates metabolism and blood sugar.

Answer:

1. a. Parathyroid hormone
2. b. Adaptive immunity
3. b. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
4. a. To rapidly respond to infections and eliminate bacteria
5. b. To enhance the speed of signal transmission along the axon
6. c. To regulate involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion
7. c. To manage stress responses and reduce inflammation