Question

arrange the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character: potassium to oxygen, sodium to chlorine, bromine to hydrogen, nitrogen to chlorine. potassium to oxygen select sodium to chlorine select bromine to hydrogen select nitrogen to chlorine select

Explanation:

Step1: Recall ionic - character concept

Ionic character is determined by the electronegativity difference ($\Delta\chi$) between the two atoms in a bond. The greater the $\Delta\chi$, the higher the ionic character.

Step2: Find electronegativity values

Electronegativity values from the Pauling scale: $K = 0.82$, $O=3.44$, $Na = 0.93$, $Cl = 3.16$, $Br = 2.96$, $H = 2.20$, $N = 3.04$, $Cl = 3.16$.

Step3: Calculate $\Delta\chi$ for each bond

• For $K - O$: $\Delta\chi=3.44 - 0.82=2.62$.
• For $Na - Cl$: $\Delta\chi=3.16 - 0.93 = 2.23$.
• For $Br - H$: $\Delta\chi=2.96 - 2.20 = 0.76$.
• For $N - Cl$: $\Delta\chi=3.16 - 3.04=0.12$.

Step4: Arrange in increasing order

Based on the $\Delta\chi$ values, the order of increasing ionic character is $N - Cl$, $Br - H$, $Na - Cl$, $K - O$.

Answer:

nitrogen to chlorine, bromine to hydrogen, sodium to chlorine, potassium to oxygen