Question

the atomic radius of an element or ion is affected by the attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electron. a cation is dramatically 1 than the element because the remaining outermost electron(s) is more strongly attracted to the nucleus. an anion is dramatically 2 than the element because there is more repulsion between the orbitals containing the added electron. as you down a group, the attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electron(s) is similar and the radius 3 because electrons are placed into other shells. as you go across a period, electrons are placed into the same shell and the more negative shell is more strongly attracted to the nucleus, and the radius 4. a. larger b. smaller c. increases d. decreases e. no change

Explanation:

1. Cations have lost electrons, so the remaining outermost electrons are pulled closer to the nucleus, making the cation smaller.
2. Anions have gained electrons, causing more repulsion among electrons, making the anion larger.
3. Down a group, new electron - shells are added, increasing the atomic radius.
4. Across a period, electrons are in the same shell and the increased nuclear charge pulls the electrons closer, decreasing the atomic radius.

Answer:

1. B. smaller
2. A. larger
3. C. increases
4. D. decreases