Question

atoms, ions, and isotopes
part 1 vocab: use the word bank to answer the following questions
word bank: protons, neutrons, electrons, ions, isotopes, ion charge, mass number, anion, cation

1. the number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom. atomic #=
2. in a neutral atom, protons =
3. the mass of the atom = + neutrons
4. atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called
5. isotopes are distinguished from each other by including the with the name or symbol
6. atoms can gain or lose electrons to become an
7. a is a positive ion. there are more protons than electrons.
8. a is a negative ion. there are more electrons than protons.
9. ions are distinguished from atoms by including the as a superscript in the symbol.

part 2 ions: use the information filled into the table to help you fill in the blanks.

name	symbol	atomic #	mass #	# protons	# neutrons	# electrons	cation or anion
iron					24
				15	16	18
	f¹⁻

1. explain the difference between an atom and an ion.
2. what are some similarities between an atom and an ion?
3. draw a bohr model for a neutral aluminium atom and an aluminium ion.

Explanation:

Part 1 Vocab

1.

The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom. Atomic # = **protons**

2.

In a neutral atom, protons = **electrons**

3.

The mass of the atom = **protons** + neutrons

4.

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called **isotopes**

5.

Isotopes are distinguished from each other by including the **mass number** with the name or symbol

6.

Atoms can gain or lose electrons to become an **ion**

7.

A **cation** is a positive ion. There are more protons than electrons

8.

A **anion** is a negative ion. There are more electrons than protons

9.

Ions are distinguished from atoms by including the **ion - charge** as a superscript in the symbol

Part 2 Ions

Aluminium

Atomic number = 13, so # Protons = 13. Symbol is $Al^{3 + }$. Mass number = Protons+Neutrons. For $Al^{3+}$, since it has a 3+ charge, it has lost 3 electrons. In a neutral Al atom, electrons = 13, so for $Al^{3+}$, # Electrons=13 - 3=10. Assuming a common isotope, if we know atomic number = 13 and let's say a common mass - number for Al is 27, then # Neutrons=27 - 13 = 14. Cation.
| Name | Symbol | Atomic # | Mass # | # Protons | # Neutrons | # Electrons | Cation or Anion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | $Al^{3+}$ | 13 | 27 | 13 | 14 | 10 | Cation |

Iron

If # Electrons = 24 for an iron ion. Let's assume it's $Fe^{2+}$ (a common iron ion). In a neutral Fe atom, atomic number of Fe is 26, so # Protons = 26. If it's $Fe^{2+}$, it has lost 2 electrons. Mass number = Protons + Neutrons. If we assume a common isotope of Fe with mass - number 56, # Neutrons=56 - 26 = 30. Cation.
| Name | Symbol | Atomic # | Mass # | # Protons | # Neutrons | # Electrons | Cation or Anion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | $Fe^{2+}$ | 26 | 56 | 26 | 30 | 24 | Cation |

Third row

If # Protons = 15, the element is phosphorus. Mass number = Protons+Neutrons = 15 + 16=31. Since # Electrons = 18, it has a 3 - charge, so the symbol is $P^{3 - }$. Anion.
| Name | Symbol | Atomic # | Mass # | # Protons | # Neutrons | # Electrons | Cation or Anion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phosphorus | $P^{3 - }$ | 15 | 31 | 15 | 16 | 18 | Anion |

Fluorine

Atomic number of F is 9, so # Protons = 9. Symbol is $F^{1 - }$. Mass number of a common F isotope is 19, so # Neutrons=19 - 9 = 10. Since it has a 1 - charge, # Electrons=9 + 1 = 10. Anion.
| Name | Symbol | Atomic # | Mass # | # Protons | # Neutrons | # Electrons | Cation or Anion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluorine | $F^{1 - }$ | 9 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 10 | Anion |

1.

An atom is electrically neutral because the number of protons (positive charge) equals the number of electrons (negative charge). An ion is charged. A cation has a positive charge (more protons than electrons) and an anion has a negative charge (more electrons than protons) due to the gain or loss of electrons.

2.

Both atoms and ions are composed of sub - atomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons). They also have the same number of protons (which determines the element identity) if they are of the same element.

3.

**Bohr model for neutral Aluminium atom**:
- The nucleus contains 13 protons and (usually) 14 neutrons.
- There are three electron - shells. The first shell has 2 electrons, the second shell has 8 electrons, and the third shell has 3 electrons.
**Bohr model for Aluminium ion ($Al^{3+}$)**:
- The nucleus contains 13 protons and (usually) 14 neutrons.
- Since it has lost 3 electrons, there are only two electron - shells remaining. The first shell has 2 electrons and the second shell has 8 electrons.

Answer:

See the above - filled tables and explanations for all parts.