Question

4: cell structure and function
all eukaryotic cells
animal cells
plant cells
organelle
prokaryote (yes/no)
eukaryote (yes/no)
animal
plant
function
picture
golgi bodies

mitochondria

vacuole

lysosome

centrosome/centrioles

cell wall

chloroplast

central vacuole

Answer:

To fill out the table, we analyze each organelle based on cell biology knowledge:

1. Golgi Bodies

• Prokaryote: No (prokaryotes lack membrane - bound organelles like Golgi).
• Eukaryote - Animal: Yes.
• Eukaryote - Plant: Yes.
• Function: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport (within the cell or for secretion).

2. Mitochondria

• Prokaryote: No (prokaryotes don't have mitochondria).
• Eukaryote - Animal: Yes.
• Eukaryote - Plant: Yes.
• Function: Performs cellular respiration to produce ATP (energy for the cell).

3. Vacuole

• Prokaryote: No.
• Eukaryote - Animal: Yes (smaller, for storage, etc.).
• Eukaryote - Plant: Yes (smaller than central vacuole, but present).
• Function: Stores water, nutrients, waste; helps in cell turgor (in plants) and storage (in animals).

4. Lysosome

• Prokaryote: No.
• Eukaryote - Animal: Yes.
• Eukaryote - Plant: Rare (some plant cells have similar structures, but generally less common).
• Function: Contains digestive enzymes to break down waste, damaged organelles, or foreign invaders.

5. Centrosome/Centrioles

• Prokaryote: No.
• Eukaryote - Animal: Yes (involved in cell division).
• Eukaryote - Plant: No (plant cells have different microtubule - organizing centers).
• Function: Organizes microtubules during cell division (mitosis/meiosis).

6. Cell Wall

• Prokaryote: Yes (bacterial cell wall, e.g., peptidoglycan).
• Eukaryote - Animal: No (animal cells lack a cell wall).
• Eukaryote - Plant: Yes (composed of cellulose, provides structure and protection).
• Function: Provides structural support, protection, and regulates water uptake (in plants); in prokaryotes, maintains cell shape.

7. Chloroplast

• Prokaryote: No.
• Eukaryote - Animal: No.
• Eukaryote - Plant: Yes.
• Function: Performs photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).

8. Central Vacuole

• Prokaryote: No.
• Eukaryote - Animal: No.
• Eukaryote - Plant: Yes.
• Function: Stores large amounts of water, nutrients, waste; maintains cell turgor (gives plant cells their rigid shape).

Now, we can fill the table with this information:

Organelle	Prokaryote (Yes/No)	Eukaryote (Yes/No) - Animal	Eukaryote (Yes/No) - Plant	Function	Picture (as given)
Mitochondria	No	Yes	Yes	Produce ATP via cellular respiration	Mitochondrion - like
Vacuole	No	Yes	Yes	Store water, nutrients, waste; maintain turgor (plants)	Vacuole - like
Lysosome	No	Yes	Rare	Digest waste, damaged organelles, invaders	Lysosome - like
Centrosome/Centrioles	No	Yes	No	Organize microtubules in cell division	Centrosome - like
Cell Wall	Yes	No	Yes	Provide structure, protection; regulate water (plants); maintain shape (prokaryotes)	Cell wall - like
Chloroplast	No	No	Yes	Perform photosynthesis (convert light to chemical energy)	Chloroplast - like
Central Vacuole	No	No	Yes	Store large amounts of water, nutrients; maintain turgor	Central vacuole - like

If you need to fill only specific parts (e.g., one organelle), you can use the above breakdown for that particular organelle.