chapter 8 midterm review questions
chapter 8 - cellular energy
(photosynthesis & cellular respiration)
atp
- what type of energy does atp carry?
- how does atp release energy?
| | heterotrophs | autotrophs |
| --- | --- | --- |
| how do they obtain energy? | consuming other organisms | energy from sunlight - photosynthesis |
| examples of organisms | animals | plants |
photosynthesis
- write out the equation for photosynthesis.
- photosynthesis converts ____________ energy into _______________ energy.
- where in the cell does it occur?
- in an experiment, the rate of photosynthesis is being measured as the dependent variable. what product could the experimenter measure to determine the rate of photosynthesis?
- what factors contribute to the rate of photosynthesis?
temperature, light intensity, co2 concentration, water
- chlorophyll is green pigment that traps suns energy. other colors of pigment are present in leaves well. why does chlorophyll show over the others?
respiration
- write the equation for cell respiration.

Question

chapter 8 midterm review questions
chapter 8 - cellular energy
(photosynthesis & cellular respiration)
atp
- what type of energy does atp carry?
- how does atp release energy?
| | heterotrophs | autotrophs |
| --- | --- | --- |
| how do they obtain energy? | consuming other organisms | energy from sunlight - photosynthesis |
| examples of organisms | animals | plants |
photosynthesis
- write out the equation for photosynthesis.
- photosynthesis converts ____________ energy into _______________ energy.
  - where in the cell does it occur?
- in an experiment, the rate of photosynthesis is being measured as the dependent variable. what product could the experimenter measure to determine the rate of photosynthesis?
- what factors contribute to the rate of photosynthesis?
  temperature, light intensity, co2 concentration, water
- chlorophyll is green pigment that traps suns energy. other colors of pigment are present in leaves well. why does chlorophyll show over the others?
respiration
- write the equation for cell respiration.

Accepted Answer

### 1. What type of energy does ATP carry?
# Brief Explanations:
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) carries chemical energy. The high - energy phosphate bonds in ATP store energy, and when these bonds are broken, the energy is released for cellular processes.
# Answer:
Chemical energy

### 2. How does ATP release energy?
# Brief Explanations:
ATP releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken. This reaction converts ATP into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and an inorganic phosphate group ($P_i$), and the energy stored in that bond is released for use in the cell.
# Answer:
By breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups (converting to ADP and $P_i$)

### 3. Write out the equation for photosynthesis.
# Brief Explanations:
The general equation for photosynthesis is $6CO_2 + 6H_2O\xrightarrow[Chlorophyll]{Light}C_6H_{12}O_6+6O_2$. Carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of light energy and chlorophyll, are converted into glucose and oxygen.
# Answer:
$6CO_2 + 6H_2O\xrightarrow[Chlorophyll]{Light}C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

### 4. Photosynthesis converts ______ energy into ______ energy.
# Brief Explanations:
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants (and some other organisms) use light energy from the sun. This light energy is converted into chemical energy, which is stored in the bonds of glucose (or other organic molecules).
# Answer:
Light; Chemical

### 5. Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur?
# Brief Explanations:
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll (the pigment that captures light energy) and the necessary enzymes and structures for the light - dependent and light - independent (Calvin cycle) reactions of photosynthesis.
# Answer:
Chloroplasts

### 6. In an experiment, the rate of photosynthesis is being measured as the dependent variable. What product could the experimenter measure to determine the rate of photosynthesis?
# Brief Explanations:
One of the products of photosynthesis is oxygen ($O_2$) or glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$). Measuring the amount of oxygen produced (for example, by collecting the gas released) or the amount of glucose formed over a given time can be used to determine the rate of photosynthesis. Oxygen is often easier to measure in simple experiments.
# Answer:
Oxygen ($O_2$) (or glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$))

### 7. What factors contribute to the rate of photosynthesis? (Answered in the original, but for completeness)
# Brief Explanations:
As given, the factors that contribute to the rate of photosynthesis are temperature, light intensity, $CO_2$ concentration, and water. Temperature affects the rate of enzyme - catalyzed reactions in photosynthesis. Light intensity affects the amount of light energy available for the light - dependent reactions. $CO_2$ is a raw material for the Calvin cycle, and water is also a raw material and is involved in the light - dependent reactions.
# Answer:
Temperature, light intensity, $CO_2$ concentration, water

### 8. Chlorophyll is green pigment that traps suns energy. Other colors of pigment are present in leaves as well. Why does chlorophyll show over the others?
# Brief Explanations:
Chlorophyll is present in much higher quantities than the other pigments in the leaves. Also, chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs other wavelengths, and its high concentration makes it the dominant pigment visible in the leaves.
# Answer:
Higher concentration (and reflects green light)

### 9. Write the equation for cell respiration.
# Brief Explanations:
The general equation for aerobic cellular respiration is $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2
ightarrow6CO_2+6H_2O + ATP$. Glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate, which is the energy - carrying molecule for the cell).
# Answer:
$C_6H_{12}O_6+6O_2
ightarrow6CO_2 + 6H_2O+ATP$

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

1. What type of energy does ATP carry?

Answer:

2. How does ATP release energy?