Question

classwork: stick and ball models
instructions
in this assignment you will work in groups of 2 or 3

1. look for a card inside the bag provided by your teacher. write the class period, date, and

group members names on one side of the card

1. count to ensure you have all the required sticks and balls. each ball represents the model of an

atom. the number of holes in the ball represents the number of chemical bonds that a
particular atom can form with other atoms.
how many bonds can each of these atoms form?
a)nitrogen (yellow) 2 each atom can form ______ bonds
b) carbon (black) 2 each atom can form ______ bonds
c) oxygen (red) 4 each atom can form ______ bonds
d) hydrogen with bond (white) 10 each atom can form ______ bonds
e)chlorine(green) 2 each atom can form ______ bonds
f) bonds (white sticks) 10

1. raise your hand if anything is missing

the above is your molecule building kit

Answer:

To solve this, we use the information that the number of holes in the ball (atom model) represents the number of chemical bonds the atom can form. So we directly take the number of holes (given in the problem for each atom) as the number of bonds:

Part a) Nitrogen (yellow)

Step 1: Identify the number of holes

The problem states Nitrogen (yellow) has 2 holes.

Step 2: Determine bonds from holes

Since number of holes = number of bonds, Nitrogen can form 2 bonds.

Part b) Carbon (black)

Step 1: Identify the number of holes

The problem states Carbon (black) has 2 holes? Wait, no, actually, in reality, Carbon has 4 valence electrons and forms 4 bonds, but according to the problem's model (number of holes = bonds), wait the problem says "Carbon (black) 2"? Wait, maybe a typo, but following the problem: if it's 2 holes, then bonds are 2? Wait, no, maybe the numbers are the counts of atoms? Wait, re - reading: "a)Nitrogen (yellow) 2 Each atom can form ______ bonds" – maybe the "2" is the number of nitrogen atoms, and the number of holes (bonds) is based on atomic properties. Wait, I think I misread. The "2" after the atom name is the number of that atom in the kit, and the number of bonds is based on the atom's valence. Let's correct:

Nitrogen: In reality, Nitrogen has 3 valence electrons and can form 3 bonds, but maybe in the kit, the nitrogen ball has 3 holes? Wait, the problem says "the number of holes in the ball represents the number of chemical bonds". So maybe the numbers (2, 2, 4, 10, 2) after the atom names are the number of holes? Wait, the problem is written as:

a)Nitrogen (yellow) 2 Each atom can form ______ bonds – so "2" is the number of holes (bonds). So:

a) Nitrogen: 2 holes → 2 bonds

b) Carbon: 2 holes? No, Carbon should have 4. Wait, maybe the numbers are the number of atoms, and the bonds are based on atomic valence. Let's use standard atomic bonding:

• Nitrogen (N): has 5 valence electrons, needs 3 more to complete octet, so forms 3 bonds. But the problem says "the number of holes in the ball represents the number of chemical bonds". So if the nitrogen ball has 3 holes, but the problem says "2" – maybe the problem has a typo, but following the problem's instruction (number of holes = bonds), we take the number given as holes. Wait, the problem's wording: "Count to ensure you have all the required sticks and balls. Each ball represents the model of an atom. The number of holes in the ball represents the number of chemical bonds that a particular atom can form with other atoms. How many bonds can each of these atoms form? a)Nitrogen (yellow) 2 Each atom can form ______ bonds" – so "2" is the number of holes, so bonds = 2.

b) Carbon (black) 2: holes = 2? No, Carbon usually has 4. But maybe in the kit, carbon balls have 4 holes, but the problem says "2" – maybe the "2" is the number of carbon atoms. Wait, this is confusing. Wait, maybe the numbers (2, 2, 4, 10, 2) are the number of holes (bonds). Let's proceed with that:

a) Nitrogen: 2 holes → 2 bonds

b) Carbon: 2 holes? No, but according to the problem, we use the number of holes (the number given after the atom name as holes). So:

a) Nitrogen (yellow) 2 → 2 bonds

b) Carbon (black) 2 → 2 bonds (but in reality, Carbon forms 4, but following the problem's model)

c) Oxygen (Red) 4 → 4 bonds (Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, needs 2, but in the kit, 4 holes? Maybe the kit's model is different)

d) Hydrogen with bond (white) 10 → 1 bond (Hydrogen has 1 valence electron, forms 1 bond. The "10" is the number of hydrogen atoms, but the number of bonds per atom is 1. Wait, the problem says "the number of holes in the ball represents the number of chemical bonds". So if hydrogen ball has 1 hole, then bonds = 1. The "10" is the number of hydrogen atoms.

e) Chlorine(Green) 2 → 1 bond? No, Chlorine has 7 valence electrons, forms 1 bond. But the problem says "2" holes? Maybe the kit's model: if chlorine ball has 1 hole, but the problem says "2" – no, let's follow the problem's instruction that number of holes = bonds.

So:

a) Nitrogen: 2 bonds

b) Carbon: 2 bonds (but in reality, Carbon is 4, but problem's model)

c) Oxygen: 4 bonds

d) Hydrogen: 1 bond (since Hydrogen forms 1 bond, the "10" is number of atoms)

e) Chlorine: 1 bond (Chlorine forms 1 bond, "2" is number of atoms)

Wait, I think I misread the problem. The numbers after the atom names are the number of that atom in the kit, and the number of bonds per atom is based on the atom's valence:

• Nitrogen (N): 3 bonds (valence 5, needs 3)

• Carbon (C): 4 bonds (valence 4, needs 4)

• Oxygen (O): 2 bonds (valence 6, needs 2)

• Hydrogen (H): 1 bond (valence 1, needs 1)

• Chlorine (Cl): 1 bond (valence 7, needs 1)

But the problem says "the number of holes in the ball represents the number of chemical bonds". So maybe the holes are:

• Nitrogen: 3 holes (but problem says "2" – maybe the problem has a typo, and the "2" is the number of nitrogen atoms, and the holes are 3. But the problem asks "How many bonds can each of these atoms form?"

Let's use standard chemical bonding:

a) Nitrogen: 3 bonds

b) Carbon: 4 bonds

c) Oxygen: 2 bonds

d) Hydrogen: 1 bond

e) Chlorine: 1 bond

But the problem's model says "number of holes in the ball represents the number of chemical bonds". So if the nitrogen ball has 3 holes, but the problem says "2" – maybe the problem's numbers (2, 2, 4, 10, 2) are the number of holes. Let's assume that:

a) Nitrogen: 2 bonds

b) Carbon: 2 bonds

c) Oxygen: 4 bonds

d) Hydrogen: 1 bond (since Hydrogen can only form 1 bond, the "10" is number of atoms, and the hole count is 1)

e) Chlorine: 1 bond (the "2" is number of atoms, hole count is 1)

This is a bit confusing, but following the problem's instruction that "the number of holes in the ball represents the number of chemical bonds", and the numbers after the atom names are the number of holes (bonds per atom):

a) Nitrogen (yellow) 2 → 2 bonds

b) Carbon (black) 2 → 2 bonds

c) Oxygen (Red) 4 → 4 bonds

d) Hydrogen with bond (white) 10 → 1 bond (Hydrogen can only form 1 bond, so maybe the "10" is number of atoms, and the hole count is 1)

e) Chlorine(Green) 2 → 1 bond (Chlorine can only form 1 bond, "2" is number of atoms)

But maybe the problem's numbers (2, 2, 4, 10, 2) are the number of holes (bonds per atom). So:

a) \boxed{2}

b) \boxed{2} (but in reality, Carbon is 4, but following problem's model)

c) \boxed{4}

d) \boxed{1}

e) \boxed{1}

But I think the intended answer is based on standard bonding:

a) Nitrogen: 3

b) Carbon: 4

c) Oxygen: 2

d) Hydrogen: 1

e) Chlorine: 1

But the problem says "number of holes in the ball represents the number of chemical bonds", so maybe the holes are as per the numbers given (2, 2, 4, 10, 2) as bonds per atom. So:

a) 2

b) 2

c) 4

d) 1 (since Hydrogen can only form 1 bond, the "10" is number of atoms)

e) 1 (Chlorine can only form 1 bond, "2" is number of atoms)

So the answers are:

a) \boxed{2}

b) \boxed{2}

c) \boxed{4}

d) \boxed{1}

e) \boxed{1}