Question

complete the following lewis dots.
atoms\tions
lithium
li\tcalcium
ca·²⁺
aluminum
al·\tphosphorous
p·³⁻
cesium
cs\tmagnesium
mg·²⁺
argon
:ar:\tstrontium
sr²⁺
complete the following lewis dots for the compounds below:
mgf₂
·f:—mg·—·f:\tnacl
na· ·cl:
cl₂
:cl—cl:\tso
·s: ·o:
ch₄
h—c—h
| |
h h\tn₂ (very difficult one!)
n—n

Explanation:

Step1: Fix neutral atom Lewis dots

• Cesium (Cs): Group 1, 1 valence electron: $\cdot \text{Cs}$

Step2: Fix cation Lewis dots

• Strontium ion ($\text{Sr}^{2+}$): Loses 2 valence electrons, no dots: $[\text{Sr}]^{2+}$

Step3: Fix ionic compound $\text{NaCl}$

• $\text{Na}$ loses 1 e⁻, $\text{Cl}$ gains 1 e⁻: $[\text{Na}]^+ [:\ddot{\text{Cl}}:]^-$

Step4: Fix covalent compound $\text{SO}$

• Total valence e⁻: $6+6=12$. Form double bond, complete octets: $:\ddot{\text{S}}=\ddot{\text{O}}:$

Step5: Fix covalent compound $\text{N}_2$

• Total valence e⁻: $5+5=10$. Form triple bond, complete lone pairs: $:\text{N}\equiv\text{N}:$

Step6: Verify $\text{CH}_4$ (correct as drawn, confirm)

• Carbon has 4 single bonds to H, full octet/H duets:

$$\begin{matrix} \text{H} \\ \mid \\ \text{H}-\text{C}-\text{H} \\ \mid \\ \text{H} \end{matrix}$$

(with each H having 1 dot, C with no lone dots)

Answer:

Corrected Atoms & Ions:

1. Cesium: $\cdot \text{Cs}$
2. Strontium ion: $[\text{Sr}]^{2+}$

Corrected Compounds:

1. $\text{NaCl}$: $[\text{Na}]^+ [:\ddot{\text{Cl}}:]^-$
2. $\text{SO}$: $:\ddot{\text{S}}=\ddot{\text{O}}:$
3. $\text{N}_2$: $:\text{N}\equiv\text{N}:$

(Note: $\text{MgF}_2$, $\text{Cl}_2$, and $\text{CH}_4$ were already correctly drawn for Lewis dot structures)