Question

1. consider a mixture of water, sand, and oil. how many phases are present? how could you separate this mixture into individual substances? (hint: can use more than 1 separation process/step)
2. describe the separation technique that could be used for each of the following mixtures:

a. separating two colorless liquids (ex: vinegar is a mixture of acetic acid and water)
b. separating a non - dissolving solid mixed with a liquid (ex: a bucket of sand and ocean water)
c. obtaining sea salt from ocean water.
d. refining crude oil into gasoline.
e. separating red and blue marbles of the same size and mass.
f. identifying toxins or drugs in the bloodstream.
g. separating your overnight cold brew coffee from the coffee grounds.
h. separating out the individual color pigments mixed in an ink.
i. separating hot coffee sweetened with sugar.
j. obtaining an perfume oil from rose petals

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze phases in water - sand - oil mixture

Water and oil are immiscible liquids, and sand is a solid. So there are 3 phases (oil - liquid phase, water - liquid phase, sand - solid phase).

Step2: Separate water - sand - oil mixture

First, use decantation to separate the oil layer from the water - sand mixture since oil floats on water. Then, use filtration to separate the sand from the water.

Step3: Answer question 8 - a

For two colorless liquids like acetic acid and water, distillation can be used as they have different boiling points.

Step4: Answer question 8 - b

For a non - dissolving solid (sand) mixed with a liquid (ocean water), filtration can be used to separate the solid from the liquid.

Step5: Answer question 8 - c

To obtain sea salt from ocean water, evaporation can be used. Heat the ocean water to evaporate the water and leave the salt behind.

Step6: Answer question 8 - d

To refine crude oil into gasoline, fractional distillation is used as different components of crude oil have different boiling points.

Step7: Answer question 8 - e

To separate red and blue marbles of the same size and mass, manual sorting can be done as they are distinguishable by color.

Step8: Answer question 8 - f

To identify toxins or drugs in the bloodstream, chromatography can be used as it can separate and identify different substances based on their affinity for a stationary and mobile phase.

Step9: Answer question 8 - g

To separate overnight cold brew coffee from the coffee grounds, filtration can be used.

Step10: Answer question 8 - h

To separate out the individual color pigments mixed in an ink, chromatography can be used.

Step11: Answer question 8 - i

To separate hot coffee sweetened with sugar, evaporation can be used to remove the water and leave the sugar behind.

Step12: Answer question 8 - j

To obtain perfume oil from rose petals, steam distillation can be used to extract the volatile oil components.

Answer:

1. Number of phases: 3. Separation method: Decantation followed by filtration.

8.
a. Distillation
b. Filtration
c. Evaporation
d. Fractional distillation
e. Manual sorting
f. Chromatography
g. Filtration
h. Chromatography
i. Evaporation
j. Steam distillation