Question

directions: write and draw the electron configurations and orbital notations (with spins) of each of the following atoms.
example:
co : 27 e⁻ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁷
co ↿⇂/1s ↿⇂/2s ↿⇂/2p ↿⇂/2p ↿⇂/2p ↿⇂/3s ↿⇂/3p ↿⇂/3p ↿⇂/3p ↿⇂/3d ↿⇂/3d ↿/3d ↿/3d ↿/3d ↿⇂/4s

1. titanium:

1. aluminum:

1. copper:

1. neon:

1. phosphorus:

1. sodium:

1. oxygen:

Explanation:

Step1: Determine atomic numbers

Titanium (Ti) has atomic number 22, aluminum (Al) has atomic number 13, copper (Cu) has atomic number 29, neon (Ne) has atomic number 10, phosphorus (P) has atomic number 15, sodium (Na) has atomic number 11, oxygen (O) has atomic number 8.

Step2: Write electron - configurations

Titanium

Using the Aufbau principle, the electron - configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{2}$.

Aluminum

The electron - configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{1}$.

Copper

Due to the stability of a full 3d - subshell, the electron - configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{1}3d^{10}$.

Neon

The electron - configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}$.

Phosphorus

The electron - configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{3}$.

Sodium

The electron - configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}$.

Oxygen

The electron - configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{4}$.

Step3: Draw orbital notations

Titanium

1s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2p: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$
3s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
3p: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$
4s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
3d: $\uparrow$ $\uparrow$

Aluminum

1s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2p: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$
3s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
3p: $\uparrow$

Copper

1s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2p: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$
3s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
3p: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$
4s: $\uparrow$
3d: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$

Neon

1s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2p: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$

Phosphorus

1s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2p: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$
3s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
3p: $\uparrow$ $\uparrow$ $\uparrow$

Sodium

1s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2p: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$
3s: $\uparrow$

Oxygen

1s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2p: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow$ $\uparrow$

Answer:

1. Titanium: Electron - configuration: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{2}$, Orbital notation as described above.
2. Aluminum: Electron - configuration: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{1}$, Orbital notation as described above.
3. Copper: Electron - configuration: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{1}3d^{10}$, Orbital notation as described above.
4. Neon: Electron - configuration: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}$, Orbital notation as described above.
5. Phosphorus: Electron - configuration: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{3}$, Orbital notation as described above.
6. Sodium: Electron - configuration: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}$, Orbital notation as described above.
7. Oxygen: Electron - configuration: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{4}$, Orbital notation as described above.