Question

1. drawing an ion

element: lithium

1. draw lithium atom
2. answer the questions

number of valence electrons?
will it gain or lose electrons?
number of electrons lost?
charge on ion?

1. draw lithium ion

element: oxygen

1. draw oxygen atom
2. answer the questions

number of valence electrons?
will it gain or lose electrons?
number of electrons lost?
charge on ion?

1. draw oxygen ion

element: beryllium

1. draw beryllium atom
2. answer the questions

number of valence electrons?
will it gain or lose electrons?
number of electrons lost?
charge on ion?

1. draw beryllium ion

element: nitrogen

1. draw nitrogen atom
2. answer the questions

number of valence electrons?
will it gain or lose electrons?
number of electrons lost?
charge on ion?

1. draw nitrogen ion

Explanation:

Lithium (Li)

Step1: Determine valence electrons

Lithium has atomic number 3. Its electron - configuration is 1s²2s¹. So, it has 1 valence electron.

Step2: Determine electron gain/loss

Metals tend to lose electrons. Lithium is a metal, so it will lose electrons.

Step3: Determine number of electrons lost

It will lose 1 electron to achieve a stable electron - configuration like helium.

Step4: Determine charge on ion

When it loses 1 electron, the charge on the ion is + 1.

Oxygen (O)

Step1: Determine valence electrons

Oxygen has atomic number 8. Its electron - configuration is 1s²2s²2p⁴. So, it has 6 valence electrons.

Step2: Determine electron gain/loss

Non - metals tend to gain electrons. Oxygen is a non - metal, so it will gain electrons.

Step3: Determine number of electrons lost

It will gain 2 electrons to achieve a stable octet (8 electrons in the outer shell). So, number of electrons lost is 0.

Step4: Determine charge on ion

When it gains 2 electrons, the charge on the ion is - 2.

Beryllium (Be)

Step1: Determine valence electrons

Beryllium has atomic number 4. Its electron - configuration is 1s²2s². So, it has 2 valence electrons.

Step2: Determine electron gain/loss

Metals tend to lose electrons. Beryllium is a metal, so it will lose electrons.

Step3: Determine number of electrons lost

It will lose 2 electrons to achieve a stable electron - configuration like helium.

Step4: Determine charge on ion

When it loses 2 electrons, the charge on the ion is + 2.

Nitrogen (N)

Step1: Determine valence electrons

Nitrogen has atomic number 7. Its electron - configuration is 1s²2s²2p³. So, it has 5 valence electrons.

Step2: Determine electron gain/loss

Non - metals tend to gain electrons. Nitrogen is a non - metal, so it will gain electrons.

Step3: Determine number of electrons lost

It will gain 3 electrons to achieve a stable octet. So, number of electrons lost is 0.

Step4: Determine charge on ion

When it gains 3 electrons, the charge on the ion is - 3.

Answer:

Lithium:

• Number of valence electrons: 1
• Will it gain or lose electrons: Lose
• Number of electrons lost: 1
• Charge on ion: + 1

Oxygen:

• Number of valence electrons: 6
• Will it gain or lose electrons: Gain
• Number of electrons lost: 0
• Charge on ion: - 2

Beryllium:

• Number of valence electrons: 2
• Will it gain or lose electrons: Lose
• Number of electrons lost: 2
• Charge on ion: + 2

Nitrogen:

• Number of valence electrons: 5
• Will it gain or lose electrons: Gain
• Number of electrons lost: 0
• Charge on ion: - 3