Question

groups 3 - 12

1. list the number of valence electrons for each of the main groups of the periodic tabble.

group 1 __ group 15 __
group 2 __ group 16 __
group 13 __ group 17 __
group 14 __ group 18 __

1. draw the orbital diagram for p.
2. draw the orbital diagram for ni.
3. state the aufbau principle:
4. state hunds rule:
5. state the pauli exclusion:
6. a) the location of an electron when it is as close to the nucleus as possible is called its ____________ state.

b) why are electrons generally found as close to the nucleus as they can get?
c) what happens to electrons when an atom absorbs energy?

Explanation:

Step1: Recall valence - electron rule for main groups

For main - group elements, the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number (for groups 1 - 2) or the group number minus 10 (for groups 13 - 18).

Step2: Determine valence electrons for each group

Group 1: The group number is 1, so the number of valence electrons is 1.
Group 2: The group number is 2, so the number of valence electrons is 2.
Group 13: 13 - 10=3, so the number of valence electrons is 3.
Group 14: 14 - 10 = 4, so the number of valence electrons is 4.
Group 15: 15 - 10 = 5, so the number of valence electrons is 5.
Group 16: 16 - 10 = 6, so the number of valence electrons is 6.
Group 17: 17 - 10 = 7, so the number of valence electrons is 7.
Group 18: 18 - 10 = 8, so the number of valence electrons is 8.

Answer:

Group 1: 1
Group 2: 2
Group 13: 3
Group 14: 4
Group 15: 5
Group 16: 6
Group 17: 7
Group 18: 8