Question

Question was provided via image upload.

Explanation:

Top Fill-in-the-Blank Section (Operant Conditioning)

1. Defines shaping, where reinforcers guide behavior to a target via approximations.
2. Describes differential reinforcement, reinforcing only chosen behaviors.
3. Refers to stimulus generalization, applying learned behavior to similar contexts.
4. Is a reinforcement schedule, specifically fixed-interval (FI) which creates scalloped response patterns.
5. Defines superstitious behavior, from accidental reinforcement of an action.

Operant Conditioning Practice Matching

1. Removing an undesirable consequence (negative reinforcement) = F. -R
2. Removing a desirable consequence (negative punishment) = D. -P
3. Reward after specific time (fixed-interval) = A. FI
4. Reward after random time (variable-interval) = C. VI
5. Adding undesirable consequence (positive punishment) = H. +P
6. Adding desirable consequence (positive reinforcement) = B. +R
7. Reward after specific events (fixed-ratio) = E. FR
8. Reward after random events (variable-ratio) = G. VR

3.9 Social, Cognitive, Neurological Factors in Learning

1. Mental map of environment = cognitive maps
2. Hidden learning revealed by incentive = latent learning
3. Sudden problem-solving insight = insight learning
4. Observing and imitating behavior = modeling
5. Learning via social interactions/modeling = social learning
6. Learning by watching others' performance = observational learning
7. Conditioning via observing another animal = vicarious conditioning

Answer:

Top Fill-in-the-Blank Section

1. shaping
2. differential reinforcement
3. stimulus generalization
4. fixed-interval schedule
5. superstitious behavior

Operant Conditioning Practice Matching

1. F. -R
2. D. -P
3. A. FI
4. C. VI
5. H. +P
6. B. +R
7. E. FR
8. G. VR

3.9 Social, Cognitive, Neurological Factors in Learning

1. cognitive maps
2. latent learning
3. insight learning
4. modeling
5. social learning
6. observational learning
7. vicarious conditioning