model 2: endochondral ossification, part 1
activity 2 musculoskeletal system
51
(diaphysis (shaft of the bone)
epiphysis (end of the bone)
epiphysis (end of the bone)
1. a template of the bone is formed from hyaline cartilage. the template enlarges through proliferation of chondrocytes at the edges of the template.
bone collar
2a. a collar of bone is formed via intramembranous ossification.
2b. cartilage cells in the diaphysis become enlarged. the matrix around them calcifies and the chondrocytes start to die, creating a hollow space in the middle of the bone.
primary ossification center
marrow cavity forming
3. blood vessels penetrate the primary ossification center and deliver cells that become osteoblasts and osteoclasts. the center is hollowed out into a marrow cavity and the edges ossify into compact bone.
secondary (epiphyseal) ossification center
secondary (epiphyseal) ossification center
4. remodeling continues in the primary ossification center; meanwhile secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses
articular cartilage
spongy bone of epiphysis
compact bone of diaphysis
marrow cavity
s. in a fully-developed but still-growing bone, the only cartilage remaining is on the articular surfaces and in the epiphyseal growth plates.
epiphyseal growth plate
critical thinking questions
7. according to the model 2, what forms the template or model for a developing long bone?
8. what tissue is laid down as a collar around this model?
9. based on what you learned from model 1, what do you think is going to happen to the cartilage in the primary ossification center?
10. in what portion of this long bone is the secondary ossification center located?
a. what is the name of the cartilaginous structure that separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis?
11. look back at model 1, does it appear that flat bones begin with a cartilage template?
12. in the space below, compose a sentence as a group that best describes the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification.

Question

model 2: endochondral ossification, part 1
activity 2 musculoskeletal system
51
(diaphysis (shaft of the bone)
epiphysis (end of the bone)
epiphysis (end of the bone)
1. a template of the bone is formed from hyaline cartilage. the template enlarges through proliferation of chondrocytes at the edges of the template.
bone collar
2a. a collar of bone is formed via intramembranous ossification.
2b. cartilage cells in the diaphysis become enlarged. the matrix around them calcifies and the chondrocytes start to die, creating a hollow space in the middle of the bone.
primary ossification center
marrow cavity forming
3. blood vessels penetrate the primary ossification center and deliver cells that become osteoblasts and osteoclasts. the center is hollowed out into a marrow cavity and the edges ossify into compact bone.
secondary (epiphyseal) ossification center
secondary (epiphyseal) ossification center
4. remodeling continues in the primary ossification center; meanwhile secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses
articular cartilage
spongy bone of epiphysis
compact bone of diaphysis
marrow cavity
s. in a fully-developed but still-growing bone, the only cartilage remaining is on the articular surfaces and in the epiphyseal growth plates.
epiphyseal growth plate
critical thinking questions
7. according to the model 2, what forms the template or model for a developing long bone?
8. what tissue is laid down as a collar around this model?
9. based on what you learned from model 1, what do you think is going to happen to the cartilage in the primary ossification center?
10. in what portion of this long bone is the secondary ossification center located?
 a. what is the name of the cartilaginous structure that separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis?
11. look back at model 1, does it appear that flat bones begin with a cartilage template?
12. in the space below, compose a sentence as a group that best describes the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification.

Accepted Answer

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
From Model 2 (step 1), it says a template of the bone is formed from hyaline cartilage. So we refer to that description.
# Answer:
Hyaline cartilage forms the template or model for a developing long bone.

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
In Model 2 (step 2a), it states a collar of bone is formed via intramembranous ossification around the model. So the tissue laid down as a collar is bone (formed through intramembranous ossification, so the tissue is bone tissue).
# Answer:
Bone tissue (specifically, a collar of bone is laid down via intramembranous ossification around the model).

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
In Model 2 (step 2b), cartilage cells in the diaphysis become enlarged, the matrix around them calcifies, and the chondrocytes start to die, creating a hollow space. Also, from the process of endochondral ossification, in the primary ossification center, cartilage is replaced by bone as osteoblasts and osteoclasts act. So the cartilage in the primary ossification center will be replaced by bone (or calcify, die, and be replaced as part of the ossification process).
# Answer:
The cartilage in the primary ossification center will calcify, the chondrocytes will die, and the area will be replaced by bone tissue as part of the ossification process (or simply: The cartilage will be replaced by bone).

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
From Model 2, the secondary (epiphyseal) ossification centers are shown in the epiphysis (the end of the bone, labeled as epiphysis). So we identify the location from the diagram's labels and descriptions.
# Answer:
The secondary ossification center is located in the epiphysis (the end(s) of the long bone, specifically the epiphyseal region).

### Question 10a
# Brief Explanations:
The cartilaginous structure that separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis is the epiphyseal growth plate (or epiphyseal plate). This is a known structure in long bone development, separating the epiphysis (growth region) from the diaphysis (shaft) and is made of cartilage during growth.
# Answer:
The cartilaginous structure that separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis is the epiphyseal growth plate (or epiphyseal plate).

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
Intramembranous ossification (which forms flat bones like skull bones) does not begin with a cartilage template; it forms from mesenchymal tissue directly into bone. So if Model 1 is about intramembranous ossification (for flat bones), flat bones do not begin with a cartilage template.
# Answer:
No, flat bones (which develop via intramembranous ossification, as suggested by Model 1's context) do not appear to begin with a cartilage template; they form from mesenchymal tissue directly.

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
Intramembranous ossification forms bone directly from mesenchymal tissue (e.g., flat bones like skull, clavicle) without a cartilage template. Endochondral ossification forms bone by first creating a hyaline cartilage template (e.g., long bones) and then replacing the cartilage with bone. So we contrast these two processes.
# Answer:
Intramembranous ossification forms bone directly from mesenchymal tissue without a cartilage template, while endochondral ossification forms bone by first developing a hyaline cartilage template and then replacing that cartilage with bone tissue.

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