name: myles date: jan 13th block: 2nd
1. for each of the following, label as a metal, nonmetal, metalloid.
a. nonmetal poor conductor of electricity
b. metals & metalloids usually a solid at room temp
c. metals ductile
d. nonmetal chlorine
e. __________ semiconductor
f. __________ silicon
g. __________ malleable
h. __________ usually a gas at room temp
i. __________ cobalt
j. __________ good conductor of heat
k. __________ brittle
2. list three differences in the physical properties between metals and nonmetals.
3. determine whether the element calcium is a metal or a nonmetal. how can this be determined?
4. how do metals and nonmetals differ in terms of how they lose/gain electrons?
5. most metals are not
a. ductile. b. malleable.
c. liquid at room temperature. d. good conductors of heat and electricity
6. for the element magnesium, use the electron configuration and a periodic table answer the following questions.
a. which group is it in? __________
b. which period is it in? __________
c. is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? __________
d. list three properties of this substance? __________
e. what element(s) might it behave like? __________
f. how many valence electrons does it have? __________
g. when it reacts will it tend to gain or lose electrons? __________
h. how many electrons will it tend to gain or lose? __________
7. which group contains the most elements?
a. transition elements b. nonmetals c. metalloids d. metals

Question

name: myles date: jan 13th block: 2nd
1. for each of the following, label as a metal, nonmetal, metalloid.
   a. nonmetal poor conductor of electricity
   b. metals & metalloids usually a solid at room temp
   c. metals ductile
   d. nonmetal chlorine
   e. __________ semiconductor
   f. __________ silicon
   g. __________ malleable
   h. __________ usually a gas at room temp
   i. __________ cobalt
   j. __________ good conductor of heat
   k. __________ brittle
2. list three differences in the physical properties between metals and nonmetals.
3. determine whether the element calcium is a metal or a nonmetal. how can this be determined?
4. how do metals and nonmetals differ in terms of how they lose/gain electrons?
5. most metals are not
   a. ductile.  b. malleable.
   c. liquid at room temperature.  d. good conductors of heat and electricity
6. for the element magnesium, use the electron configuration and a periodic table answer the following questions.
   a. which group is it in? __________
   b. which period is it in? __________
   c. is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? __________
   d. list three properties of this substance? __________
   e. what element(s) might it behave like? __________
   f. how many valence electrons does it have? __________
   g. when it reacts will it tend to gain or lose electrons? __________
   h. how many electrons will it tend to gain or lose? __________
7. which group contains the most elements?
   a. transition elements  b. nonmetals  c. metalloids  d. metals

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
#### a.
# Brief Explanations:
Nonmetals are generally poor conductors of electricity (except for some like graphite).
# Answer:
nonmetal

#### b.
# Brief Explanations:
Most metals and metalloids are solids at room temperature (only a few metals like mercury are liquid, and most nonmetals are gases or solids, but metals are predominantly solid).
# Answer:
metal (and metalloid, but metals are more common in solid state at room temp)

#### c.
# Brief Explanations:
Ductility (ability to be drawn into wires) is a characteristic property of metals.
# Answer:
metal

#### d.
# Brief Explanations:
Chlorine is a nonmetal (it is a halogen, exists as a gas, poor conductor, etc.).
# Answer:
nonmetal

#### e.
# Brief Explanations:
Semiconductors are a property of metalloids (elements with properties between metals and nonmetals).
# Answer:
metalloid

#### f.
# Brief Explanations:
Silicon is a well - known metalloid (has semiconductor properties, properties between metal and nonmetal).
# Answer:
metalloid

#### g.
# Brief Explanations:
Malleability (ability to be hammered into sheets) is a property of metals.
# Answer:
metal

#### h.
# Brief Explanations:
Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine), while metals are mostly solids.
# Answer:
nonmetal

#### i.
# Brief Explanations:
Cobalt is a metal (it is a transition metal, has metallic properties like conductivity, malleability, etc.).
# Answer:
metal

#### j.
# Brief Explanations:
Good heat conductivity is a characteristic of metals.
# Answer:
metal

#### k.
# Brief Explanations:
Brittleness is a property of nonmetals and some metalloids (metals are malleable and ductile, not brittle).
# Answer:
nonmetal (or metalloid)

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
1. **Conductivity**: Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity due to the presence of free electrons. Nonmetals are poor conductors (except for some exceptions like graphite).
2. **State at room temperature**: Most metals are solids (except mercury), while many nonmetals are gases (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen) or brittle solids (e.g., sulfur).
3. **Malleability and Ductility**: Metals are malleable (can be hammered into sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into wires). Nonmetals are brittle and lack these properties.
# Answer:
1. Metals are good conductors of heat/electricity; nonmetals are poor conductors.
2. Most metals are solid at room temp; many nonmetals are gas.
3. Metals are malleable/ductile; nonmetals are brittle.

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Calcium is a metal. We can determine this by its properties: it is a good conductor of heat and electricity, it is malleable and ductile, it is a solid at room temperature, and it is located on the left - hand side of the periodic table (in group 2, alkaline earth metals), which are all metals. Also, its electron configuration shows that it has 2 valence electrons and tends to lose electrons (a characteristic of metals).
# Answer:
Calcium is a metal. Determined by its metallic properties (conductivity, malleability, position in periodic table - group 2, alkaline earth metal, tendency to lose electrons).

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Metals have few valence electrons (usually 1 - 3). Due to the relatively low ionization energy, they tend to lose these valence electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration (like a noble gas configuration). Nonmetals have more valence electrons (usually 4 - 7). They have relatively high electron affinity, so they tend to gain electrons to achieve a stable noble gas electron configuration. For example, sodium (a metal) has 1 valence electron and loses it to form $\ce{Na+}$, while chlorine (a nonmetal) has 7 valence electrons and gains 1 electron to form $\ce{Cl-}$.
# Answer:
Metals tend to lose electrons (due to low ionization energy, few valence electrons) to achieve stable electron configuration. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons (due to high electron affinity, more valence electrons) to achieve stable electron configuration.

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
- Option a: Metals are ductile, so this is incorrect.
- Option b: Metals are malleable, so this is incorrect.
- Option c: Most metals are solid at room temperature. Only mercury is a liquid metal at room temperature. So most metals are not liquid at room temperature.
- Option d: Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, so this is incorrect.
# Answer:
c. Liquid at room temperature.

### Question 6
Magnesium has an atomic number of 12. Its electron configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}$.

#### a.
# Brief Explanations:
The group of an element is determined by the number of valence electrons. Magnesium has 2 valence electrons, so it is in group 2 (alkaline earth metals).
# Answer:
Group 2

#### b.
# Brief Explanations:
The period of an element is determined by the number of electron shells. Magnesium has 3 electron shells ($n = 1,2,3$), so it is in period 3.
# Answer:
Period 3

#### c.
# Brief Explanations:
Magnesium is a metal. It shows metallic properties like good conductivity, malleability, ductility, and it is a solid at room temperature. It is in group 2 (alkaline earth metals), which are all metals.
# Answer:
metal

#### d.
# Brief Explanations:
As a metal, magnesium is a good conductor of heat and electricity, it is malleable (can be hammered into sheets), and it is ductile (can be drawn into wires). It is also a solid at room temperature.
# Answer:
Good conductor of heat/electricity, malleable, ductile (or solid at room temp, loses electrons, etc.)

#### e.
# Brief Explanations:
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. Magnesium is in group 2, so it will behave like other group 2 elements such as beryllium ($\ce{Be}$), calcium ($\ce{Ca}$), strontium ($\ce{Sr}$), etc.
# Answer:
Elements in group 2 (e.g., Be, Ca, Sr)

#### f.
# Brief Explanations:
The electron configuration of magnesium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}$. The outermost shell (valence shell) is the 3rd shell, and it has 2 electrons in the $3s$ sub - shell. So it has 2 valence electrons.
# Answer:
2

#### g.
# Brief Explanations:
Magnesium has 2 valence electrons. Since it is a metal with low ionization energy, it is energetically favorable for it to lose these 2 valence electrons to achieve a stable noble gas electron configuration (like neon, $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}$). So it will tend to lose electrons.
# Answer:
lose

#### h.
# Brief Explanations:
Magnesium has 2 valence electrons. To achieve a stable noble gas electron configuration (neon - like), it will lose its 2 valence electrons.
# Answer:
lose 2 electrons

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
- Option a: Transition elements are a subset of metals.
- Option b: Nonmetals are a relatively small group of elements (e.g., hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, noble gases - but noble gases are non - reactive).
- Option c: Metalloids are a very small group (e.g., B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te).
- Option d: Metals make up the majority of the elements in the periodic table. They include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, post - transition metals, etc.
# Answer:
d. Metals

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