name
period
in a parliamentary system, who actually votes for the head of government? citizens or lawmakers?
us presidential system (slide 9)
explain how the presidential system uses checks and balances
what are the advantages of the presidential system?
what are the disadvantages of the presidential system?
uk parliamentary system (slide 10)
in a parliamentary system, what is the only thing citizens can vote for?
explain how the parliamentary system does not have separation of powers
what are the advantages of the parliamentary system?
what are the disadvantages of the parliamentary system?
elections and term limits (slide 13)
comparing elections and terms of both systems of government
presidential
parliamentary
how long is the term for president/prime minister
does the entire government get replaced at one time?
how president/prime

Question

Accepted Answer

### 1. In a parliamentary system, who actually votes for the head of government? Citizens or Lawmakers?
# Brief Explanations:
In a parliamentary system (e.g., UK), the head of government (Prime Minister) is selected by lawmakers (members of the parliament). Citizens vote for parliament members, and the majority party/coalition in parliament chooses the PM. So lawmakers vote for the head of government.
# Answer:
Lawmakers

### 2. Explain how the Presidential system uses checks and balances
# Brief Explanations:
In the US Presidential system, the three branches (executive: President; legislative: Congress; judicial: Supreme Court) check each other. For example, the President can veto congressional bills, but Congress can override the veto. Congress approves presidential appointments and can impeach the President. The judiciary can declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional. This prevents any one branch from gaining too much power.
# Answer:
The Presidential system (e.g., US) uses checks and balances via three branches: Executive (President) can veto legislative bills, but Legislative (Congress) can override vetoes, approve appointments, and impeach the President. Judicial (Supreme Court) can declare laws/executive actions unconstitutional. Each branch limits the others’ power.

### 3. What are the advantages of the Presidential system?
# Brief Explanations:
Advantages include clear separation of powers (prevents concentration of power), fixed terms (stability, no sudden government collapse), direct election of the President (enhances legitimacy), and the President has defined executive authority, allowing for decisive leadership.
# Answer:
Advantages: Clear separation of powers (prevents tyranny), fixed terms (stability), direct presidential election (legitimacy), decisive executive leadership.

### 4. What are the disadvantages of the Presidential system?
# Brief Explanations:
Disadvantages include gridlock (branches conflict, slowing governance), fixed terms (even if unpopular, the President stays until term ends), and potential for executive overreach (if checks fail). Also, elections are costly, and the system can be rigid.
# Answer:
Disadvantages: Gridlock (branch conflicts slow governance), fixed terms (unpopular leaders stay), potential executive overreach, costly elections, rigid system.

### 5. In a parliamentary system, what is the ONLY thing citizens can vote for?
# Brief Explanations:
In a parliamentary system (e.g., UK), citizens vote only for members of the parliament (MPs). The parliament then forms the government, selects the Prime Minister, and the PM appoints the cabinet. Citizens don’t directly vote for the PM or cabinet.
# Answer:
In a parliamentary system, citizens only vote for **members of the parliament (lawmakers/MPs)**.

### 6. Explain how the Parliamentary system does not have separation of powers
# Brief Explanations:
In a parliamentary system (e.g., UK), the executive (Prime Minister, cabinet) is drawn from the legislative (parliament) and is accountable to it. The same group (parliamentary majority) controls both legislative and executive functions. The judiciary may be independent, but the executive-legislative merger means no clear separation like in the Presidential system. For example, the PM and cabinet are MPs, so they make and enforce laws.
# Answer:
In a parliamentary system, the executive (Prime Minister, cabinet) is part of the legislative (parliament; they are MPs). The same majority group controls both law - making (legislative) and law - enforcing (executive) functions, so there’s no clear separation of powers (unlike the Presidential system’s distinct branches). The executive is accountable to, and drawn from, the legislature.

### 7. What are the advantages of the Parliamentary system?
# Brief Explanations:
Advantages include flexibility (parliament can dissolve government if it fails, allowing quick change), unity of government (executive - legislative cooperation, efficient governance when majority is strong), and less gridlock (since executive is from legislature). Also, the PM is a respected lawmaker, and governance can be more responsive to parliamentary will.
# Answer:
Advantages: Flexibility (government can be dissolved if ineffective), unity of government (executive - legislative cooperation, efficient governance with a majority), less gridlock, responsive to parliamentary will, and the PM is a seasoned lawmaker.

### 8. What are the disadvantages of the Parliamentary system?
# Brief Explanations:
Disadvantages include lack of separation of powers (executive - legislative overlap, potential for abuse), unstable governments (coalitions collapse, leading to frequent elections), and the PM is not directly elected (less legitimacy than a directly elected President). Also, the system can be dominated by the majority party, reducing checks.
# Answer:
Disadvantages: No clear separation of powers (executive - legislative overlap), unstable governments (coalition collapses cause elections), PM not directly elected (less legitimacy), majority party dominance (reduces checks).

### 9. How long is the term for president/prime minister (Presidential and Parliamentary columns)
# Brief Explanations:
- **Presidential (e.g., US)**: The President’s term is 4 years (with a 2 - term limit in the US).
- **Parliamentary (e.g., UK)**: The Prime Minister’s term is not fixed; they stay as long as their party holds a parliamentary majority (elections can be called earlier, but UK has 5 - year terms for MPs, with PM serving as long as they lead the majority party).
# Answer:
- Presidential: 4 years (e.g., US, with 2 - term limit).
- Parliamentary: No fixed term (serves as long as party has parliamentary majority; UK MPs have 5 - year terms, PM stays while leading majority).

### 10. Does the entire government get replaced at one time? (Presidential and Parliamentary columns)
# Brief Explanations:
- **Presidential**: No. The President is elected separately, and the legislature is elected separately. The executive (President, cabinet) and legislative (Congress) are elected at different times (or same time but separately), so the entire government (executive + legislative) is not replaced at once.
- **Parliamentary**: Yes (usually). If the parliament is dissolved (or an election is called), the entire legislative body is replaced, and the new parliament forms the executive (PM, cabinet). So a parliamentary election replaces both legislative and executive (as executive is from legislature).
# Answer:
- Presidential: No (executive and legislative are elected separately, not replaced together).
- Parliamentary: Yes (parliamentary elections replace legislature, and the new legislature forms the executive, so the entire government - related body (legislative + executive - from - legislature) is replaced).

### 11. How President/prime minister (Presidential and Parliamentary columns)
# Brief Explanations:
- **Presidential (e.g., US)**: The President is **directly elected by citizens** (via Electoral College, which reflects popular vote in most cases).
- **Parliamentary (e.g., UK)**: The Prime Minister is **not directly elected by citizens**. They are the leader of the majority party/coalition in parliament, and parliament (elected by citizens) selects them.
# Answer:
- Presidential: President is directly elected by citizens (via Electoral College in US).
- Parliamentary: Prime Minister is selected by the majority party/coalition in parliament (parliament is elected by citizens).

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Question

Explanation:

1. In a parliamentary system, who actually votes for the head of government? Citizens or Lawmakers?

Answer:

2. Explain how the Presidential system uses checks and balances