Question

organic chemistry study guide - academic
part 1: define the following terms:

• organic molecule:
• monomer:
• polymer:
• dehydration synthesis:
• hydrolysis:
• carbohydrate:
• monosaccharide:
• polysaccharide:
• starch:
• cellulose:
• glycogen:
• protein:
• polypeptide:
• peptide bond:
• enzyme:
• lipid:
• saturated fat:
• unsaturated fat:
• nucleic acid:

Explanation:

• Organic Molecule: A molecule containing carbon - hydrogen bonds, often associated with living organisms.
• Monomer: A small molecule that can bond with other monomers to form a polymer.
• Polymer: A large molecule made up of repeating monomer units.
• Dehydration Synthesis: A chemical reaction that joins molecules by removing water.
• Hydrolysis: A reaction that breaks down molecules by adding water.
• Carbohydrate: A biological molecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often used for energy.
• Monosaccharide: The simplest form of carbohydrate, a single - sugar molecule.
• Polysaccharide: A complex carbohydrate made up of many monosaccharides.
• Starch: A polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants.
• Cellulose: A polysaccharide that forms the structural component of plant cell walls.
• Glycogen: A polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals.
• Protein: A large biological molecule made up of amino acids, with various functions such as catalysis and structure.
• Polypeptide: A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
• Peptide Bond: The covalent bond between two amino acids in a polypeptide.
• Enzyme: A protein or RNA molecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction.
• Lipid: A diverse group of hydrophobic molecules, including fats, oils, and waxes.
• Saturated Fat: A type of lipid with single bonds between carbon atoms in its fatty - acid chains.
• Unsaturated Fat: A type of lipid with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in its fatty - acid chains.
• Nucleic Acid: A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) that stores and transmits genetic information.

Answer:

• Organic Molecule: A molecule containing carbon - hydrogen bonds, often associated with living organisms.
• Monomer: A small molecule that can bond with other monomers to form a polymer.
• Polymer: A large molecule made up of repeating monomer units.
• Dehydration Synthesis: A chemical reaction that joins molecules by removing water.
• Hydrolysis: A reaction that breaks down molecules by adding water.
• Carbohydrate: A biological molecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often used for energy.
• Monosaccharide: The simplest form of carbohydrate, a single - sugar molecule.
• Polysaccharide: A complex carbohydrate made up of many monosaccharides.
• Starch: A polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants.
• Cellulose: A polysaccharide that forms the structural component of plant cell walls.
• Glycogen: A polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals.
• Protein: A large biological molecule made up of amino acids, with various functions such as catalysis and structure.
• Polypeptide: A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
• Peptide Bond: The covalent bond between two amino acids in a polypeptide.
• Enzyme: A protein or RNA molecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction.
• Lipid: A diverse group of hydrophobic molecules, including fats, oils, and waxes.
• Saturated Fat: A type of lipid with single bonds between carbon atoms in its fatty - acid chains.
• Unsaturated Fat: A type of lipid with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in its fatty - acid chains.
• Nucleic Acid: A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) that stores and transmits genetic information.