Question

c. oxygen - 14

1. list all of the things that are the same about these atoms (ignore the electrons).
2. list all of the things that are different about these atoms (ignore the electrons).
3. the atoms in the previous question are isotopes of each other. based on this information, list the requirements for two atoms to be isotopes of each other.
4. test your understanding of isotopes by examining the relationships between the pairs of atoms listed below:

Explanation:

1. For isotopes (ignoring electrons), the number of protons is the same. This is because the atomic number, which is determined by the number of protons, defines the element. So, the element - identity (due to proton number) is the same for isotopes.
2. The number of neutrons is different for isotopes. Since the mass - number is the sum of protons and neutrons, and isotopes have the same number of protons but different mass - numbers, the neutron number must vary.
3. Two atoms are isotopes of each other if they have the same number of protons (same atomic number, thus the same element) but different numbers of neutrons (and thus different mass - numbers).
4. Without the pairs of atoms listed, we can't specifically answer this part. But in general, to determine if two atoms are isotopes, check if they have the same proton number and different neutron numbers.

Answer:

1. Number of protons, element identity.
2. Number of neutrons, mass - number.
3. Same number of protons, different number of neutrons.
4. No specific answer as pairs of atoms are not provided.