Question

part 2 (1 point) o3 has two resonance forms that obey the octet rule. these are shown below. assuming that all o atoms in each structure have a full octet of electrons, add the lone pairs and nonzero formal charges to these structures. o—o==o o==o—o

Explanation:

Step1: Recall formal - charge formula

The formal - charge formula is $FC = V - N - \frac{B}{2}$, where $V$ is the number of valence electrons of the neutral atom, $N$ is the number of non - bonding electrons, and $B$ is the number of bonding electrons. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons ($V = 6$).

Step2: Analyze the left - hand resonance structure ($O - O=O$)

• For the left - most oxygen: It has 6 non - bonding electrons ($N = 6$) and 2 bonding electrons ($B = 2$). Using the formal - charge formula $FC=6 - 6-\frac{2}{2}=- 1$. Add 3 lone pairs to this oxygen.
• For the middle oxygen: It has 2 non - bonding electrons ($N = 2$) and 6 bonding electrons ($B = 6$). $FC = 6 - 2-\frac{6}{2}=+1$. Add 1 lone pair to this oxygen.
• For the right - most oxygen: It has 4 non - bonding electrons ($N = 4$) and 4 bonding electrons ($B = 4$). $FC = 6 - 4-\frac{4}{2}=0$. Add 2 lone pairs to this oxygen.

Step3: Analyze the right - hand resonance structure ($O = O - O$)

• For the left - most oxygen: It has 4 non - bonding electrons ($N = 4$) and 4 bonding electrons ($B = 4$). $FC = 6 - 4-\frac{4}{2}=0$. Add 2 lone pairs to this oxygen.
• For the middle oxygen: It has 2 non - bonding electrons ($N = 2$) and 6 bonding electrons ($B = 6$). $FC = 6 - 2-\frac{6}{2}=+1$. Add 1 lone pair to this oxygen.
• For the right - most oxygen: It has 6 non - bonding electrons ($N = 6$) and 2 bonding electrons ($B = 2$). $FC = 6 - 6-\frac{2}{2}=-1$. Add 3 lone pairs to this oxygen.

Answer:

For $O - O = O$: The left - most O has 3 lone pairs and a formal charge of - 1, the middle O has 1 lone pair and a formal charge of + 1, and the right - most O has 2 lone pairs and a formal charge of 0.
For $O = O - O$: The left - most O has 2 lone pairs and a formal charge of 0, the middle O has 1 lone pair and a formal charge of + 1, and the right - most O has 3 lone pairs and a formal charge of - 1.