Question

part i: use the notation below to answer the following questions. practice: isotope calculations #1 1. different versions of the same element, like pictured above, are known as 2. the numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the 3. what subatomic particle makes each of these isotopes different? 4. how many does each have of #3? 5. what subatomic particle makes each of these isotopes the same? 6. how many does each have of #5? 7. this form of notation is known as 8. the other form of isotope notation is known as 9. for each isotope, write it in the form listed in #8.

Explanation:

Step1: Identify isotopes concept

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different mass - numbers due to different numbers of neutrons.

Step2: Analyze sub - atomic particles in isotopes

Protons determine the element identity. For carbon isotopes \(^{12}C\), \(^{13}C\), and \(^{14}C\), the number of protons (\(p\)) is 6 (since atomic number of carbon is 6).
The number of neutrons (\(n\)) is calculated as \(n = A - Z\), where \(A\) is the mass - number and \(Z\) is the atomic number.
For \(^{12}C\): \(n=12 - 6=6\)
For \(^{13}C\): \(n = 13 - 6 = 7\)
For \(^{14}C\): \(n=14 - 6 = 8\)
The number of electrons (\(e\)) in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons. So for all these carbon isotopes, \(e = 6\).

1. Different versions of the same element like \(^{12}C\), \(^{13}C\), and \(^{14}C\) are known as isotopes.
2. The numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the mass - numbers.
3. Sub - atomic particles that make each of these isotopes different are neutrons.
4. \(^{12}C\) has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. \(^{13}C\) has 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons. \(^{14}C\) has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. The number of protons and electrons is the same for each isotope, but the number of neutrons is different.
5. The sub - atomic particle that makes each of these isotopes the same is the proton. All carbon isotopes have 6 protons.
6. Each isotope has 6 protons.
7. This form of notation is known as nuclear notation.
8. The other form of isotope notation is hyphen notation (e.g., carbon - 12).
9. For \(^{12}C\): \(^{12}_{6}C\), for \(^{13}C\): \(^{13}_{6}C\), for \(^{14}C\): \(^{14}_{6}C\)

Answer:

1. Isotopes
2. Mass - numbers
3. Neutrons
4. \(^{12}C\): 6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons; \(^{13}C\): 6 protons, 7 neutrons, 6 electrons; \(^{14}C\): 6 protons, 8 neutrons, 6 electrons. Protons and electrons are the same, neutrons are different.
5. Protons
6. 6
7. Nuclear notation
8. Hyphen notation
9. \(^{12}_{6}C\), \(^{13}_{6}C\), \(^{14}_{6}C\)