Question

periodic table basics

1. which elements had complete outer shells? give the name and symbol for each.
2. which elements had only one valence electron? give the name and symbol for each.
3. what do you notice about the location of these elements?
4. what do you notice about the number of valence electrons as you move from left to right across a row or period in the periodic table? (na -> mg -> al -> si -> p -> s -> cl -> ar)
5. write the name of each family at the top of the columns on your periodic table using the following information:

• alkali metals - 1 valence electron
• alkaline earth metals - 2 valence electrons
• boron family - 3 valence electrons
• carbon family - 4 valence electrons
• nitrogen family - 5 valence electrons
• oxygen family - 6 valence electrons
• halides - 7 valence electrons
• noble gases - complete outer shells

1. what do you notice about the location of the elements in each family?
2. in what family would you classify hydrogen? explain your choice.
3. in what family would each of these elements be classified?

• radium -
• iodine -
• tin -
• cesium -

1. predict the number of valence electrons for each element based on its location in the periodic table. you will need to use the table in your textbook.

• barium =
• lead =
• bismuth =
• potassium =

Explanation:

1.

Step1: Recall periodic - table basics

Elements in the first column have 1 valence electron. Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron and is in the first column. Lithium (Li) and Sodium (Na) are also in the first column and have 1 valence electron.

Step2: Identify elements

Hydrogen - H, Lithium - Li, Sodium - Na are elements with 1 valence electron.

Step1: Analyze periodic - table trends

As we move from left - to - right across a period, the number of valence electrons increases by 1.

Step2: List elements

Sodium (Na) has 1 valence electron, Magnesium (Mg) has 2, Aluminum (Al) has 3, Silicon (Si) has 4, Phosphorus (P) has 5, Sulfur (S) has 6, Chlorine (Cl) has 7, and Argon (Ar) has 8.

Step1: Understand periodic - table structure

As we move down a group in the periodic table, the number of energy levels or shells increases.

Answer:

Hydrogen - H, Lithium - Li, Sodium - Na

2.