Question

questions for consideration

1. why is so little known about the early history of the incas?

1. according to legend, who was the first incan?

1. what was the capital of the incan empire named?

1. where is it believed that the incan tribe began?

1. under whose reign did the incan empire grow most?

1. what did the size of the empire compel the incas to do?

1. how did the incas grow crops in the mountains?

1. how was the llama beneficial to the incas?

1. what incan invention helped with counting?

1. who defeated the incas?

Explanation:

1. The Incas had no written system, so early history relies on oral traditions which are less consistent, and Spanish colonization disrupted and destroyed many Inca records and sites.
2. Inca legend states Manco Cápac was the first ruler, sent by the sun god Inti to found the empire.
3. The central administrative and ceremonial hub of the Inca Empire was this city in the Andes.
4. Archaeological and oral evidence points to this highland region in Peru as the Inca's origin.
5. Pachacuti launched extensive conquests and reforms that expanded the empire dramatically.
6. The large, mountain-spanning empire required a unified system to manage communication, labor, and governance.
7. The Incas engineered flat, stepped platforms to farm on steep mountain slopes, preserving soil and water.
8. Llamas served multiple key practical roles for the Inca people in their mountain environment.
9. This knotted string device was the Inca's primary tool for counting, record-keeping, and sending messages.
10. Spanish conquistadors led by this figure defeated the Incas, aided by European diseases and internal conflict.

Answer:

1. The Incas lacked a written writing system, so their early history was only passed down through oral tradition, which is prone to distortion; additionally, Spanish colonizers destroyed many Inca cultural sites and records.
2. Manco Cápac
3. Cusco (or Qosqo)
4. The Cusco region (highlands of present-day Peru)
5. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui
6. Develop a complex road system, create a centralized government, and implement the mit'a labor system to manage the large territory.
7. They built terraced farmlands (andenes) to create flat, fertile land for crops, which also prevented erosion and improved water retention.
8. Llamas were used as pack animals to transport goods across mountain roads, provided wool for clothing, their meat was a food source, and their dung was used as fertilizer.
9. The quipu (a system of knotted strings)
10. Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro