Question

1. summarize the characteristics of water, na⁺, cl⁻, and sucrose and determine the ability of them to cross a cell membrane.

i need a hint

	relative size	polar/charged or nonpolar	ability to cross cell membrane
na⁺	d	e	f
cl⁻	g	h	i
o₂	j	k	l
sucrose c₁₂h₂₂o₁₁	m	n	o

Explanation:

Each substance's traits and membrane crossing ability are based on cell membrane permeability rules: small substances cross easier, charged/polar ones need help, nonpolar pass freely, and large polar molecules struggle without transporters.

Answer:

Substance	Relative Size	Polar/Charged or Nonpolar	Ability to Cross Cell Membrane
$\text{Na}^+$	Very small	Charged	Cannot cross passively; requires ion channels or active transport
$\text{Cl}^-$	Very small	Charged	Cannot cross passively; requires ion channels or active transport
$\text{O}_2$	Very small	Nonpolar	Freely diffuses across membrane
Sucrose ($\text{C}_{12}\text{H}_{22}\text{O}_{11}$)	Large	Polar	Cannot cross passively; requires facilitated diffusion or active transport