Question

★ time and change

1. compare the graph \military deaths in world war i\ with the graph \american war deaths\ on page 67. rank the following casualty figures from highest to lowest.

a. british empire, world war i
b. russia, world war i
c. united states, world war i
d. germany, world war i
e. austria - hungary, world war i
f. france, world war i
g. united states, civil war
★ thinking about history

1. look at the map \the war in europe\ and the photo on page 85. for each pair of statements, write c next to the cause and e next to the effect.

a. trucks, airplanes, and submarines are used for the first time.
new technologies are developed.
b. chemical weapons are used.
troops use gas masks.
c. tactics remain the same—despite new weapons.
casualties are very high.

Explanation:

Question 5 (Ranking Casualty Figures)

To solve this, we refer to typical World War I and US Civil War casualty data:

• Russia (WWI): ~1,700,000+ military deaths.
• Germany (WWI): ~2,000,000+ military deaths (often higher than Russia in some sources, but let’s use standard rankings). Wait, correction: Standard WWI military death rankings (highest to lowest) are often: Germany (~2,050,000), Russia (~1,700,000), France (~1,350,000), British Empire (~908,000), Austria - Hungary (~1,200,000? Wait, no, Austria - Hungary’s military deaths were ~1,200,000, France ~1,350,000, British Empire ~908,000, US WWI ~116,000, US Civil War ~620,000. Wait, let's re - order with accurate data:

1. Germany (WWI): ~2,050,000
2. Russia (WWI): ~1,700,000
3. France (WWI): ~1,350,000
4. Austria - Hungary (WWI): ~1,200,000
5. British Empire (WWI): ~908,000
6. US Civil War: ~620,000
7. US WWI: ~116,000

So the ranks (1 = highest, 7 = lowest):
a. British Empire, WWI: 5
b. Russia, WWI: 2
c. United States, WWI: 7
d. Germany, WWI: 1
e. Austria - Hungary, WWI: 4
f. France, WWI: 3
g. United States, Civil War: 6

Question 6 (Cause and Effect)

Part a

• “New technologies are developed” (C, cause) leads to “Trucks, airplanes, and submarines are used for the first time” (E, effect), because new tech development enables new equipment usage.

Part b

• “Chemical weapons are used” (C, cause) leads to “Troops use gas masks” (E, effect), as chemical weapons’ use creates the need for gas masks.

Part c

• “Tactics remain the same—despite new weapons” (C, cause) leads to “Casualties are very high” (E, effect), because outdated tactics against new weapons increase casualties.

Final Answers

Question 5

a. 5
b. 2
c. 7
d. 1
e. 4
f. 3
g. 6

Question 6

a. E; C
b. C; E
c. C; E

Answer:

Question 5 (Ranking Casualty Figures)

To solve this, we refer to typical World War I and US Civil War casualty data:

• Russia (WWI): ~1,700,000+ military deaths.
• Germany (WWI): ~2,000,000+ military deaths (often higher than Russia in some sources, but let’s use standard rankings). Wait, correction: Standard WWI military death rankings (highest to lowest) are often: Germany (~2,050,000), Russia (~1,700,000), France (~1,350,000), British Empire (~908,000), Austria - Hungary (~1,200,000? Wait, no, Austria - Hungary’s military deaths were ~1,200,000, France ~1,350,000, British Empire ~908,000, US WWI ~116,000, US Civil War ~620,000. Wait, let's re - order with accurate data:

1. Germany (WWI): ~2,050,000
2. Russia (WWI): ~1,700,000
3. France (WWI): ~1,350,000
4. Austria - Hungary (WWI): ~1,200,000
5. British Empire (WWI): ~908,000
6. US Civil War: ~620,000
7. US WWI: ~116,000

So the ranks (1 = highest, 7 = lowest):
a. British Empire, WWI: 5
b. Russia, WWI: 2
c. United States, WWI: 7
d. Germany, WWI: 1
e. Austria - Hungary, WWI: 4
f. France, WWI: 3
g. United States, Civil War: 6

Question 6 (Cause and Effect)

Part a

• “New technologies are developed” (C, cause) leads to “Trucks, airplanes, and submarines are used for the first time” (E, effect), because new tech development enables new equipment usage.

Part b

• “Chemical weapons are used” (C, cause) leads to “Troops use gas masks” (E, effect), as chemical weapons’ use creates the need for gas masks.

Part c

• “Tactics remain the same—despite new weapons” (C, cause) leads to “Casualties are very high” (E, effect), because outdated tactics against new weapons increase casualties.

Final Answers

Question 5

a. 5
b. 2
c. 7
d. 1
e. 4
f. 3
g. 6

Question 6

a. E; C
b. C; E
c. C; E