Question

unit 2 atoms and the periodic table study guide
vocabulary to know for atoms & the periodic table:
atom
atomic #
nonmetal
proton
mass #
metalloid
neutron
group
valence electron
electron
period
noble gas
nucleus
metal
transition metal

1. which subatomic particles have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus?

a. atoms
b. electrons
c. neutrons
d. protons

1. which subatomic particles have a negative charge and are located outside of the nucleus?

a. atoms
b. electrons
c. neutrons
d. protons

1. which subatomic particles have a neutral charge and are located in the nucleus?

a. atoms
b. electrons
c. neutrons
d. protons

1. which two subatomic particles are present in the same number in order to maintain a neutral atom with no electric charge?

a. protons and neutrons
b. protons and electrons
c. neutrons and electrons
d. neutrons and protons

1. explain how you determine the number of protons in an element using the periodic table.
2. explain how you determine the number of electrons in an element using the periodic table.
3. explain how you determine the number of neutrons in an element using the periodic table.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall sub - atomic particle charges

Protons have a positive charge and are in the nucleus.

Step2: Answer question 1

The sub - atomic particles with a positive charge in the nucleus are protons. So the answer to question 1 is d. protons.

Step3: Recall electron properties

Electrons have a negative charge and are located outside the nucleus.

Step4: Answer question 2

The sub - atomic particles with a negative charge outside the nucleus are electrons. So the answer to question 2 is b. electrons.

Step5: Recall neutron properties

Neutrons have a neutral charge and are in the nucleus.

Step6: Answer question 3

The sub - atomic particles with a neutral charge in the nucleus are neutrons. So the answer to question 3 is c. neutrons.

Step7: Recall charge balance in atoms

Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. For a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same.

Step8: Answer question 4

The two sub - atomic particles present in the same number to maintain a neutral atom are protons and electrons. So the answer to question 4 is a. Protons and electrons.

Step9: Determine number of protons

The atomic number of an element on the periodic table is equal to the number of protons in an atom of that element.

Step10: Determine number of electrons

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. So the number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the atomic number on the periodic table.

Step11: Determine number of neutrons

The mass number of an element is the sum of protons and neutrons. So the number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.

Answer:

1. d. protons
2. b. electrons
3. c. neutrons
4. a. Protons and electrons
5. The number of protons is equal to the atomic number of the element on the periodic table.
6. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number (which is equal to the number of protons) on the periodic table.
7. The number of neutrons is calculated as the mass number of the element minus the atomic number (number of protons).