Question

vocabulary: covalent bond, diatomic molecule, lewis diagram, molecule, noble gases, nonmetal, octet rule, shell, valence, valence electron

prior knowledge questions (do these before using the gizmo.)

1. there are eight markers in a full set, but flora and frank each only have seven markers. flora is missing the red marker, and frank is missing the blue marker.

what can they do so that each has a full set of markers?

1. otto and olivia each have six markers. otto is missing the purple and green markers, and olivia is missing the black and brown markers. what can they do so that each has a full set?

gizmo warm - up
just like the students described above, nonmetal atoms can share electrons. as you will see in the covalent bonds gizmo, atoms form bonds in this way.
to begin, check that fluorine is selected from the select a substance menu. click play (▶) to see the electrons orbiting the nucleus of each atom.

1. the outermost electrons in each atom are called valence electrons. how many valence electrons does each fluorine atom have?
2. click pause (⏸). drag a valence electron from the left atom to the right atom. click play.

what happens?

1. click pause, drag a valence electron from the right atom to the left, and then click play.

what happens now?

Explanation:

Prior Knowledge Questions

1.

Step1: Identify what each has and lacks

Flora has 7 markers, lacks red. Frank has 7 markers, lacks blue.

Step2: Determine the exchange

They can exchange the markers they are missing. Flora gives Frank the blue marker and Frank gives Flora the red marker.

Step1: Identify what each has and lacks

Otto has 6 markers, lacks purple and green. Olivia has 6 markers, lacks black and brown.

Step2: Determine the exchange

They can exchange two of their markers. Otto gives Olivia one of his non - purple and non - green markers and Olivia gives Otto one of her non - black and non - brown markers. Then they can further exchange other markers until they both have a full set.

Step1: Recall electron configuration of fluorine

Fluorine has an atomic number of 9. Its electron configuration is 2, 7. The outermost shell has 7 electrons.

Answer:

They can exchange the markers they are missing.

2.